Table 1.
General characteristics of study participants at each site and overall
| Site, Country | N | Smoking status (%) | Sex male | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | RS (%) | Comorbidities (%) | GNI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | Ex | Never | (%) | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | CVD | Hypertension | Diabetes | High | |||||
| Adana, Turkey | 806 | 34.9 | 19.9 | 45.3 | 48.3 | 53.6 ± 10.4 | 29.6 ± 5.3 | 14.5 | 11.8 | 27.0 | 10.3 | No | ||
| Annaba, Algeria | 862 | 16.7 | 21.9 | 61.4 | 49.8 | 52.9 ± 9.7 | 28.3 ± 5.7 | 26.8 | 6.6 | 22.2 | 14.4 | No | ||
| Bergen, Norway | 656 | 26.2 | 36.6 | 37.2 | 49.2 | 59.7 ± 12.5 | 26.5 ± 4.3 | 9.3 | 15.4 | 29.4 | 5.9 | Yes | ||
| Blantyre, Malawi | 399 | 3.8 | 9.3 | 87.0 | 39.8 | 52.2 ± 9.7 | 25.1 ± 5.4 | 47.6 | 2.5 | 20.1 | 6.0 | No | ||
| CapeTown, SouthAfrica | 833 | 46.3 | 21.4 | 32.3 | 37.0 | 54.0 ± 10.2 | 27.9 ± 7.4 | 46.5 | 13.3 | 38.9 | 13.2 | No | ||
| Chui, Kyrgyztan | 858 | 19.8 | 9.7 | 70.5 | 31.5 | 53.0 ± 8.8 | 28.5 ± 5.6 | 12.5 | 16.6 | 29.7 | 5.7 | No | ||
| Colombo, Srilanka | 1020 | 12.9 | 7.5 | 79.6 | 44.6 | 53.7 ± 9.4 | 24.2 ± 4.6 | 81.3 | 5.9 | 20.6 | 13.4 | No | ||
| Cotonou, Benin | 677 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 98.1 | 43.9 | 51.5 ± 9.3 | 26.4 ± 5.5 | 78.4 | 5.3 | 29.8 | 2.5 | No | ||
| Fes, Morocco | 758 | 8.6 | 18.7 | 72.7 | 46.0 | 55.2 ± 10.0 | 27.9 ± 5.3 | 20.2 | 5.8 | 33.1 | 14.6 | No | ||
| Guangzhou, China | 471 | 29.9 | 14.0 | 56.1 | 49.9 | 54.0 ± 10.6 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 30.1 | 9.8 | 17.6 | 4.0 | No | ||
| Hannover, Germany | 681 | 20.7 | 39.4 | 39.9 | 51.2 | 58.0 ± 10.9 | 27.3 ± 4.6 | 9.3 | 17.0 | 38.3 | 6.3 | Yes | ||
| Ife, Nigeria | 859 | 2.6 | 7.9 | 89.5 | 39.1 | 55.5 ± 11.5 | 25.4 ± 5.4 | 70.7 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.8 | No | ||
| Krakow, Poland | 522 | 29.3 | 32.4 | 38.3 | 50.8 | 55.6 ± 11.4 | 27.7 ± 4.7 | 10.2 | 32.4 | 42.0 | 11.1 | Yes | ||
| Lexington, USA | 505 | 26.5 | 33.9 | 39.6 | 40.4 | 56.5 ± 9.8 | 30.8 ± 6.8 | 26.5 | 29.3 | 49.1 | 17.4 | Yes | ||
| Lisbon, Portugal | 709 | 13.3 | 26.8 | 59.9 | 46.7 | 63.3 ± 11.3 | 28.2 ± 4.7 | 10.2 | 17.5 | 37.5 | 11.0 | Yes | ||
| London, England | 672 | 21.0 | 41.2 | 37.8 | 48.1 | 58.0 ± 11.4 | 27.1 ± 5.0 | 16.8 | 7.1 | 33.0 | 6.5 | Yes | ||
| Maastricht, Netherlands | 589 | 22.9 | 42.4 | 34.6 | 50.8 | 57.5 ± 10.6 | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 10.0 | 17.0 | 29.5 | 7.3 | Yes | ||
| Manila, Philippines | 890 | 32.7 | 20.2 | 47.1 | 42.2 | 52.2 ± 10.1 | 24.9 ± 4.7 | 64.2 | 11.0 | 26.5 | 6.0 | No | ||
| Mumbai, India | 440 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 90.2 | 62.5 | 51.1 ± 8.9 | 23.8 ± 4.0 | 69.8 | 2.3 | 10.0 | 5.2 | No | ||
| NampicuanTalugtugPhilippines | 722 | 35.9 | 16.8 | 47.4 | 49.3 | 54.1 ± 10.5 | 21.5 ± 3.9 | 58.3 | 8.3 | 19.7 | 2.6 | No | ||
| Naryn, Kyrgyztan | 816 | 15.1 | 9.8 | 75.1 | 38.5 | 53.2 ± 9.7 | 27.0 ± 5.0 | 9.8 | 11.6 | 15.7 | 1.0 | No | ||
| Penang, Malaysia | 646 | 20.3 | 5.0 | 74.8 | 50.9 | 54.8 ± 9.3 | 26.0 ± 4.5 | 58.2 | 2.8 | 25.2 | 14.4 | No | ||
| Pune, India | 843 | 8.9 | 3.0 | 88.1 | 59.4 | 52.4 ± 9.8 | 22.1 ± 3.8 | 66.3 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 2.1 | No | ||
| Reykjavik, Iceland | 755 | 18.4 | 42.5 | 39.1 | 53.1 | 56.3 ± 11.6 | 27.9 ± 4.9 | 12.7 | 15.4 | 32.1 | 4.8 | Yes | ||
| Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 654 | 7.8 | 17.0 | 75.2 | 54.9 | 50.5 ± 7.5 | 31.2 ± 6.0 | 52.1 | 6.7 | 26.6 | 29.4 | Yes | ||
| Salzburg, Austria | 1255 | 19.3 | 33.5 | 47.2 | 54.3 | 57.6 ± 11.3 | 26.4 ± 4.2 | 9.3 | 12.5 | 28.9 | 6.4 | Yes | ||
| Sousse, Tunisia | 658 | 26.7 | 13.2 | 60.0 | 47.0 | 53.0 ± 9.0 | 29.3 ± 5.6 | 26.9 | 5.6 | 21.0 | 10.9 | No | ||
| Srinagar, India | 739 | 10.3 | 1.9 | 87.8 | 54.9 | 51.7 ± 10.3 | 22.4 ± 3.6 | 27.9 | 1.4 | 27.1 | 2.2 | No | ||
| Sydney, Australia | 423 | 14.9 | 36.6 | 48.5 | 49.6 | 58.5 ± 11.9 | 28.0 ± 5.1 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 29.8 | 8.5 | Yes | ||
| Tartu, Estonia | 611 | 18.2 | 29.3 | 52.5 | 50.2 | 60.8 ± 12.0 | 28.4 ± 5.2 | 8.8 | 37.3 | 40.1 | 7.2 | Yes | ||
| Tirana, Albania | 926 | 21.8 | 15.2 | 63.0 | 49.8 | 54.7 ± 10.6 | 28.1 ± 4.7 | 17.2 | 4.2 | 22.8 | 6.5 | No | ||
| Uppsala, Sweden | 547 | 14.3 | 43.1 | 42.6 | 51.7 | 58.4 ± 10.9 | 27.0 ± 4.4 | 10.1 | 11.0 | 28.7 | 3.8 | Yes | ||
| Vancouver, Canada | 821 | 13.9 | 38.4 | 47.7 | 41.7 | 55.8 ± 11.5 | 26.7 ± 5.2 | 8.5 | 12.8 | 20.2 | 7.1 | Yes | ||
| Total | 23,623 | 19.0 | 21.1 | 59.8 | 47.5 | 55.1 ± 10.8 | 26.7 ± 5.5 | 31.7 | 10.8 | 26.2 | 8.1 | |||
BMI, body mass index; RS, Restricted spirometry; GNI, gross national income; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SD, standard deviation