Table 3.
Ecological risks of heavy metals engaged within FMs.
| Heavy metal | Organism | Remark | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cr | Mouse | No mutagenic effect of CrCl3; Severe acute toxicity of K2Cr2O7 (as the mutagen). | (Masood and Malik, 2011) |
| Pb | Mouse | Significant reduction in serum testosterone, serum and testicular E2; Testicular testosterone increase. | (El-Magd et al., 2017) |
| Ti | Daphnia Magna | Toxic; Nano-TiO2 could dissociate adsorbed As (V). | (Li et al., 2016) |
| Zn | Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus | A significant time and dose effect relationship between the heavy metal Zn2+ treatment and DNA damage in hepatopancreas of loach. | (Zhang et al., 2008) |
| Cu | Oryzias Latipes | Different degrees of liver tissue damage. | (Li et al., 2011) |
| Ag+, Ag2+, Ag3+ | Zebrafish | Increased mortality, decreased hatching rate, and delayed hatching with a concentration-dependent manner. | (Zhang et al., 2015) |
| Al | Human | An association between chronic Al exposure and impaired cognitive function in majority of domains including memory, processing speed, and working memory. | (Cao et al., 2020) |
| Fe | Medaka Fish | Different antioxidant balance by induced intracellular ROS in hatchlings with three iron species. | (Chen et al., 2013) |