Table 2:
Models of clinical and echocardiographic predictors of log PAPi
| Predictors | Age/sex adjusted model |
Stepwise model 1 (n=8285 Adj R2 = 10.4%) |
Stepwise model 2 (n=5466 Adj R2 = 12.73%) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β estimate | Standard error | p value | β estimate | Standard error | p value | β estimate | Standard error | p value | |
| Clinical variables | |||||||||
| Age | 0.080 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | −0.13 | 0.02 | <0.001 | −0.11 | 0.02 | <0.001 | −0.15 | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| BMI | −0.21 | 0.01 | <0.001 | −0.20 | 0.01 | <0.001 | −0.23 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | −0.12 | 0.02 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | −0.09 | 0.02 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Previous MI | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.274 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Previous HF | −0.09 | 0.02 | <0.001 | −0.08 | 0.02 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Previous Lung Disease | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.009 | 0.09 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.03 | <0.001 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | −0.30 | 0.02 | <0.001 | −0.12 | 0.02 | <0.001 | −0.10 | 0.03 | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | −0.11 | 0.05 | 0.029 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Echocardiographic variables | |||||||||
| LVEF | 0.06 | 0.01 | <0.001 | – | – | – | 0.10 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| LVEDD | −0.05 | 0.01 | <0.001 | – | – | – | 0.06 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Abnormal RV function | −0.14 | 0.02 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dilated RV | −0.15 | 0.02 | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tricuspid regurgitation | −0.22 | 0.02 | <0.001 | – | – | – | −0.24 | 0.02 | <0.001 |
Beta estimates display change in log-transformed PAPi per one standard deviation increment for continuous predictors or between-none for categorical predictors. Standard deviations (SD) for continuous predictors: Age = 12.6; BMI = 6.8; LVEF = 19.7; LVEDD = 9.5. Stepwise model 1 included all clinical variables eligible for entry; stepwise model 2 included all listed predictors as eligible for entry.
Abbreviations: S.E., standard error; BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarction; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; RV, right ventricle/ventricular.