Table 6.
Environmental Domain: Environment-related Variables Predicting Current Substance Use Frequency During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Substance Use Change Since the COVID-19 Pandemic
| Predictors | Alcohol Use Frequency1 | Alcohol Use Increase2 | Alcohol Use Decrease2 | Cannabis Use Frequency1 | Cannabis Use Increase2 | Cannabis Use Decrease2 | Nicotine Use Frequeny1 | Nicotine Use Increase2 | Nicotine Use Decrease2 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
| Living Situation | −.33* | .14 | −.03 | .05 | .09 | .05 | −.43** | .13 | −.03 | .04 | .06 | .05 | −.11 | .10 | −.01 | .02 | −.05 | .04 |
| Trouble with Police History | .76 *** | .23 | .17 * | .08 | −.12 | .08 | .94*** | .21 | .21 *** | .06 | .02 | .07 | .11 | .16 | −.02 | .03 | .10 | .07 |
| Sexual Assault History | −.07 | .23 | −.05 | .09 | .03 | .09 | .20 | .22 | .02 | .06 | .07 | .08 | −.18 | .17 | −.03 | .03 | .01 | .07 |
| Physical Assault History | .11 | .17 | <.01 | .06 | −.02 | .06 | .08 | .16 | −.05 | .04 | .02 | .06 | .15 | .13 | .06 ** | .02 | −.01 | .05 |
| Unwanted/Uncomfortable Sexual Experience History | .46 ** | .15 | .15** | .06 | .04 | .06 | .29 | .15 | −.03 | .04 | .06 | .05 | .13 | .12 | .02 | .02 | .04 | .05 |
| Support Disruption | −.05 | .07 | −.01 | .03 | .03 | .02 | .11 | .07 | .04 * | .02 | −.02 | .02 | −.06 | .06 | −.01 | .01 | .02 | .02 |
| Friends Stress | .14 * | .06 | .04 | .03 | −.01 | .02 | <.01 | .06 | −.02 | .02 | .05* | .02 | .10 * | .05 | <.01 | .01 | .01 | .02 |
| Family Stress | .13 | .07 | .03 | .03 | .01 | .03 | −.05 | .07 | .01 | .02 | .03 | .02 | .04 | .05 | .01 | .01 | −.02 | .02 |
| Positive Changes due to COVID-19 | .04 | .08 | .02 | .03 | .02 | .03 | −.07 | .08 | <.01 | .02 | .07 ** | .03 | .04 | .06 | .01 | .01 | .04 | .03 |
Note:
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001;
1
Substance use frequency outcomes were measured in spring 2020 and indicated use since the onset of the coronavirus/COVID-19 crisis;
2
The change outcomes, both increase and decrease, combined frequency measures at two time points (spring 2020 - spring 2019). During spring 2019, frequency of use was measured in the past year for alcohol and cannabis and in the past month for nicotine.