Table 7.
Sociocultural Domain: Sociocultural Variables Predicting Current Substance Use Frequency During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Substance Use Change Since the COVID-19 Pandemic
| Predictors | Alcohol Use Frequency1 | Alcohol Use Increase2 | Alcohol Use Decrease2 | Cannabis Use Frequency1 | Cannabis Use Increase2 | Cannabis Use Decrease2 | Nicotine Use Frequency1 | Nicotine Use Increase2 | Nicotine Use Decrease2 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asian (ref: Black) | −.13 | .15 | −.02 | .06 | −.05 | .06 | −.23 | .14 | −.03 | .05 | −.10 | .05 | <.01 | .11 | .01 | .02 | −.02 | .05 |
| Hispanic/Latinx (ref: Black) | .19 | .20 | .04 | .08 | .05 | .07 | .22 | .19 | −.01 | .05 | .09 | .07 | .24 | .15 | .01 | .02 | −.04 | .06 |
| More Than One Race (ref: Black) | .32 | .21 | .08 | .08 | .02 | .08 | .25 | .20 | .06 | .05 | −.08 | .07 | .17 | .16 | .01 | .03 | .04 | .07 |
| Sexual Minority (ref: Heterosexual) | .03 | .22 | −.03 | .08 | −.10 | .08 | .35 | .21 | .11* | .06 | −.12 | .07 | −.09 | .17 | −.01 | .03 | .06 | .07 |
| Gender identity | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cisgender Man (ref: Cisgender Woman) | −.13 | .17 | −.09 | .07 | .18** | .07 | .32 | .17 | <.01 | .05 | .06 | .06 | .40 ** | .13 | .05 * | .02 | .09 | .06 |
| Gender Minority (ref: Cisgender Woman) | .04 | .38 | .07 | .15 | .15 | .14 | −.61 | .37 | −.03 | .10 | −.04 | .13 | .07 | .29 | −.01 | .04 | −.08 | .12 |
| Discrimination | −.02 | .07 | −.02 | .03 | <.01 | .03 | −.07 | .06 | −.04* | .02 | .02 | .02 | <.01 | .05 | <.01 | .01 | .04* | .02 |
Note:
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001;
1
Substance use frequency outcomes were measured in spring 2020 and indicated use since the onset of the coronavirus/COVID-19 crisis;
2
The change outcomes, both increase and decrease, combined frequency measures at two time points (spring 2020 - spring 2019). During spring 2019, frequency of use was measured in the past year for alcohol and cannabis and in the past month for nicotine.