Table 5.

Significant Indirect Mediation Models of Cumulative Risk at Time 1, Predicting Outcomes at Time 3, as Mediated by Spina Bifida-Related Family Stress at Time 2

Dependent Variable	Path A		Path B		Path C’		Path C		Coeff.	SE	Indirect Effect		Effect Size
					Direct Effect		Total Effect				95% CI
	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE			Lower	Upper
Attention Problems	−0.08*	0.03	0.33*	0.13	−0.01	0.03	−0.03	0.03	−0.02	0.02	−0.08	−0.00	−.05
Internalizing Symptoms	−0.07*	0.03	0.41	0.21	0.05	0.04	0.02	0.04	−0.03	0.02	−0.08	−0.00	−.04
HRQOL	−0.07*	0.03	−0.27**	0.10	−0.06**	0.02	−0.04	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.05	.05

Note. Due to missing data and the use of listwise deletion, n’s range from 59 to 62 across models. Coeff. = estimated effect coefficient. SE = standard error. Path A is the direct effect of the independent variable (cumulative risk) on the mediating variable (spina bifida-related family stress). Path B is the direct effect of the mediating variable on the outcome variable (neuropsychosocial or psychosocial functioning), while controlling for the independent variable. Patch C’ is the direct effect of the independent variable on the outcome variable, while controlling for the mediating variable. Path C is the total effect of the independent variable on the outcome variable. Partially standardized indirect effect coefficients are reported as estimates of effect size (.14 = small effect size). All analyses controlled for age, IQ, and condition severity.

^**p<.01

^*p<.05