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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Nov 26;10(1):59–71. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00355-6

Figure 4: Associations of small for gestational age at birth, childhood underweight, and low lean body mass index at year 11 with spirometric restriction with and without low total lung capacity (TLC) at year 18 in MAAS.

Figure 4:

Results for associations with small for gestational age, childhood underweight, and low lean body mass index are from models that included 368, 411, and 365 MAAS participants, respectively. Relative risk ratios are from multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for sex and race/ethnicity. Normal spirometric pattern as the reference group. Low TLC defined as below the 10th percentile based on the residuals estimated from regressing TLC on age, height, sex, and race/ethnicity. Normal TLC defined as ≥ 10th percentile. Childhood nutritional status assessed across years 5, 8, 11, and 16. Low lean body mass index defined as below the 10th percentile based on the residuals estimated from regressing lean body mass index on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. *Estimate was not available because none of the participants in the restrictive spirometric pattern with normal TLC group was underweight during childhood.