Figure 3. Temporal dynamics of cell death in lung cell populations following infection.

(A and B) Ex vivo imaging of Annexin Vivo 750 (A) or MMPSense 750 FAST (B) in the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 (1 × 10⁴ TCID₅₀). (C–I) Flow cytometric analysis of populations of CD45^– (C) and CD45⁺ (D) cells in the lung, alveolar macrophages (AM) (E), interstitial macrophages (IM) (F), neutrophils (G), monocytes (H), and dendritic cells (DC) (I) including their viability status (Zombie⁺ or Zombie^–) over time. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 8–10 mice pooled from 2 separate experiments). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 indicate significance compared with mock-infected control (day 0) using 1-way ANOVA.