(A) Hepatocyte cfDNA in treatment-naive patients. Statistical significance was measured by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc correction for multiple comparisons. (B) Hepatocyte cfDNA in patients with cancer after breakdown by tissue of origin. Healthy controls (n = 65), breast (n = 19), colon (n = 42), lung (n = 33), pancreas (n = 33). Statistical significance was measured by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc correction for multiple comparisons. (C) Hepatocyte cfDNA in patients with pancreatic cancer after breakdown by tumor anatomic location. Pancreas head (n = 16) or neck (n = 1), versus pancreas tail (n = 6), Mann-Whitney U test. (D and E) Alkaline phosphatase (D) and bilirubin (E) in pancreatic cancer patients after breakdown to tumor anatomic location. Pancreas head (n = 16) or neck (n = 1), versus pancreas tail (n = 5), Mann-Whitney U test.