Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics of study sample overall and by language (district), n(%)
| Total N=2969 |
Luganda (Wakiso) n=672 |
Runyoro (Hoima) n=2297 |
P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressionb | ||||
| Mean (SD), range 0–27 | 3.55 (3.06) | 3.46 (3.26) | 3.58 (3.00) | 0.39 |
| Median (IQR) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 0.08 |
| Depression categoriesc | 0.29 | |||
| No symptoms | 2040 (68.71) | 476 (70.83) | 1564 (68.09) | |
| Mild symptoms | 790 (26.61) | 163 (24.26) | 627 (27.30) | |
| Moderate/severe symptoms | 139 (4.68) | 33 (4.91) | 106 (4.61) | |
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 22.54 (13.91) | 27.33 (11.05) | 21.13 (14.34) | <0.01 |
| Female | 1683 (56.69) | 415 (61.76) | 1268 (55.20) | <0.01 |
| Education Level | <0.01 | |||
| None or Primary | 1385 (46.65) | 242 (36.01) | 1143 (49.76) | |
| Secondary or higher | 1584 (53.35) | 430 (63.99) | 1154 (50.24) | |
| Community Type | <0.01 | |||
| Urban | 1555 (52.37) | 672 (100.00) | 883 (38.44) | |
| Peri-urban | 533 (17.95) | 0 | 533 (23.20) | |
| Rural | 881 (29.67) | 0 | 881 (38.35) | |
| Average frequency of alcohol use (past 12 mo) | <0.01 | |||
| Never | 2098 (70.69) | 518 (77.20) | 1580 (68.79) | |
| Daily | 177 (5.96) | 25 (3.73) | 152 (6.62) | |
| Weekly | 372 (12.53) | 52 (7.75) | 320 (13.93) | |
| Monthly | 262 (8.83) | 45 (6.71) | 217 (9.45) | |
| Special Occasions (e.g., weddings, funerals) | 59 (1.99) | 31 (4.62) | 28 (1.22) | |
| HIV serostatus | 0.98 | |||
| Positive | 210 (7.11) | 47 (7.09) | 163 (7.11) | |
| Negative | 2744 (92.89) | 616 (92.91) | 2128 (92.89) |
IQR= interquartile range, SD= standard deviation
a
Calculated using two-sided t-test with unequal variances or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for independent samples for continuous variables. Likelihood-ratio chi-square tests used for categorical variables.
b
Scored using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
c
PHQ-9 Depression categories as published by Kroenke et al (2001), where 0–4=no symptoms, 5–9=mild symptoms, and 10–27=moderate/severe symptoms [14].