Table 3.

Factor loadings and item parameters for the Luganda- and Runyoro-translated Personal Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales

Brief Item Description	λ	b1 (SE1)	b2 (SE2)	b3 (SE3)
Luganda-translated PHQ-9
1 Little interest or pleasure in doing things	0.63	0.23 (0.05)	1.39 (0.07)	1.88 (0.10)
2 Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless	0.73	0.25 (0.05)	1.36 (0.07)	1.88 (0.10)
3 Trouble falling or staying asleep	0.47	0.39 (0.05)	1.24 (0.07)	1.65 (0.08)
4 Feeling tired or having little energy	0.45	-0.24 (0.05)	1.17 (0.06)	1.65 (0.08)
5 Poor appetite or overeating	0.47	0.40 (0.05)	1.33 (0.07)	1.77 (0.09)
6 Feeling bad about yourself	0.76	0.94 (0.06)	1.67 (0.08)	2.01 (0.11)
7 Trouble concentrating on things	0.54	1.00 (0.06)	1.84 (0.09)	2.22 (0.13)
8 Moving or speaking slowly	0.60	1.15 (0.06)	1.91 (0.10)	2.22 (0.13)
9 Thoughts that you would be better off dead	0.73	1.67 (0.08)	2.37 (0.15)	2.62 (0.20)
Runyoro-translated PHQ-9
1 Little interest or pleasure in doing things	0.56	0.25 (0.03)	1.61 (0.04)	2.13 (0.07)
2 Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless	0.73	0.48 (0.03)	1.59 (0.04)	2.22 (0.07)
3 Trouble falling or staying asleep	0.58	0.08 (0.03)	1.44 (0.04)	1.91 (0.05)
4 Feeling tired or having little energy	0.45	-0.38 (0.03)	1.28 (0.04)	1.86 (0.05)
5 Poor appetite or overeating	0.54	0.17 (0.03)	1.43 (0.04)	2.04 (0.06)
6 Feeling bad about yourself	0.67	0.88 (0.03)	1.96 (0.06)	2.59 (0.10)
7 Trouble concentrating on things	0.58	0.71 (0.03)	1.57 (0.04)	2.20 (0.07)
8 Moving or speaking slowly	0.64	0.89 (0.03)	1.93 (0.06)	2.38 (0.08)
9 Thoughts that you would be better off dead	0.67	1.42 (0.04)	2.33 (0.08)	3.13 (0.21)

Abbreviations: b= severity threshold (e.g., b₁ indicating the threshold between response options “not at all” [Response Option 0] and “several days” [Response Option 1]), SE= standard error, λ= factor loading