Table 1.
Descriptive information and tests of change over time for mental health and alcohol outcomes
| Study constructs | Time 1 (year 2 spring) M (SD) or % | Time 2 (COVID questionnaire) M (SD) or % | t(p) or McNemar’s Test | Cohen’s d or Cramer’s V (size of effect) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full Sample (n = 897) | ||||
| PTSD Symptoms | 20.31 (18.59) | 21.79 (19.46) | t = −1.21 (NS) | −.07 (small) |
| Anxiety Symptoms | 7.94 (3.77) | 7.18 (4.04) | t = 4.99 (p < .001) | .20 (small) |
| Depressive Symptoms | 10.63 (4.05) | 10.17 (4.72) | t = 2.62 (p < .01) | .10 (small) |
| Alcohol Consumption | 1.55 (.79) | .93 (.98) | t = 14.13 (p < .001) | .61 (medium/large) |
| Suicidal Ideation | 38.2% | 12.7% | McNemar’s Test = p < .001 | .33 (small/medium) |
| Including Drinkers Only (n = 696) | ||||
| PTSD Symptoms | 20.54 (19.27) | 22.74 (19.86) | t = −1.60 (NS) | −.10 (small) |
| Anxiety Symptoms | 8.04 (3.83) | 7.22 (4.04) | t = 4.72 (p < .001) | .21 (small) |
| Depressive Symptoms | 10.79 (4.13) | 10.32 (4.70) | t = 2.27 (p < .05) | 10 (small) |
| Alcohol Consumption | 1.62 (.77) | 1.00 (.98) | t = 13.46 (p < .001) | .61 (medium/large) |
| Suicidal Ideation | 41.6% | 13.6% | McNemar’s Test = p < .001 | .31 (medium) |
| AUD Symptoms | 2.29 (2.61) | 1.52 (2.11) | t = 5.70 (p < .001) | .29 (small/medium) |
t-Test or McNemar’s Test, and Cohen’s d or Cramer’s V were used when outcomes were continuous or categorical, respectively.