Table 5.

Factors associated with patterns of undervaccination indicative of parental hesitancy^a by 19 months of age, n=15,333

	Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) Unadjusted	Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) Adjustedb
Child’s sex
Male	Referent	Referent
Female	0.93 (0.82–1.05)	0.92 (0.81–1.04)
Race and ethnicity
White alone, Non-Hispanic	Referent	Referent
Black alone, Non-Hispanic	1.04 (0.88–1.25)	1.01 (0.83–1.24)
All other races alone and multiple races, Non-Hispanic	0.92 (0.76–1.10)	0.92 (0.77–1.09)
Hispanic	0.92 (0.77–1.09)	0.87 (0.71–1.05)
Census region
South	Referent	Referent
Northeast	1.28 (1.12–1.46)	1.36 (1.18–1.56)
Midwest	1.15 (1.01–1.31)	1.15 (1.00–1.33)
West	1.04 (0.84–1.29)	1.12 (0.90–1.39)
Insurance status
Private Insurance only	Referent	Referent
Any Medicaid	1.25 (1.09–1.44)	1.31 (1.06–1.62)
Other Insurance	1.23 (1.02–1.49)	1.17 (0.93–1.47)
Uninsured	2.42 (1.98–2.96)	2.27 (1.78–2.88)
Vaccine provider facility type c
All public facilities	Referent	Referent
All hospital facilities	1.24 (1.00–1.54)	1.28 (1.03–1.60)
All private facilities	0.99 (0.82–1.20)	1.11 (0.90–1.36)
All military/other facilities	1.38 (0.90–2.13)	1.51 (0.98–2.31)
Mixed Types	1.15 (0.91–1.46)	1.22 (0.96–1.56)
Child ever received WIC benefits
Not Yes d	Referent	Referent
Yes	1.04 (0.92–1.18)	0.85 (0.70–1.03)
Maternal education
College Grad	Referent	Referent
< 12 Years	1.32 (1.09–1.61)	1.28 (0.97–1.68)
12 Years	1.34 (1.13–1.57)	1.28 (1.04–1.57)
> 12 years, Non-college Grad	1.16 (1.00–1.35)	1.10 (0.92–1.31)

^aPatterns of undervaccination indicative of parental hesitancy included restrictive shot-limiting, episodic shot-limiting, and restrictive vaccination patterns

^bEstimates are adjusted for all other variables in the table and age group of child at time of survey (19–23 months, 24–29 months, 30–35 months)

^c290 observations were excluded due to missing values for vaccine provider facility type

^dNot yes includes no, do not know, never heard of WIC, and refused to answer responses