Table 1.
Demographic information of subjects in lowland and highland area*.
| Total | Lowland | Highland | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowland | Highland | P | Non-myopia | Myopia | P | Non-myopia | Myopia | P | |
| (n = 294) | (n = 89) | (n = 161) | (n = 133) | (n = 40) | (n = 49) | ||||
| Age (year) | 9.4 (3.3) | 12.0 (3.0) | <0.001 | 8.5 (2.7) | 10.6 (2.7) | <0.001 | 12.0 (3.0) | 13.0 (4.0) | 0.456 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||||
| Boys | 183 (62.2) | 38 (42.7) | <0.001 | 102 (63.4) | 81 (60.9) | 0.378 | 16 (40.0) | 22 (44.9) | 0.826 |
| Girls | 111 (37.8) | 51 (57.3) | 59 (36.6) | 52 (39.1) | 24 (60.0) | 27 (55.1) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.4 (6.1) | 16.7 (3.6) | 0.010 | 17.4 (5.9) | 17.4 (7.4) | 0.664 | 17.1 (3.1) | 16.4 (4.9) | 0.488 |
| Outdoor time (h/w) | 6.2 (5.9) | 14.0 (7.0) | <0.001 | 6.6 (6.2) | 5.5 (5.5) | 0.009 | – | – | |
| Near vision time (h/w) | 16.6 (14.6) | 28.0 (17.5) | <0.001 | 15.4 (13.8) | 18.0 (15.3) | 0.010 | – | – | |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 20.9 (11.6) | 16.9 (6.5) | <0.001 | 19.6 (12.2) | 22.5 (11.2) | 0.878 | 17.6 (8.8) | 16.7(6.6) | 0.216 |
| Sufficient, n (%) | 56 (19.0) | 3 (3.4) | <0.001 | 33 (20.5) | 23 (17.3) | 0.158 | 1 (2.5) | 2 (4.1) | 0.295† |
| Insufficient, n (%) | 100 (34.0) | 22 (24.7) | 47 (29.2) | 53 (39.8) | 13 (32.5) | 9 (18.4) | |||
| Deficient, n (%) | 138 (46.9) | 64 (71.9) | 81 (50.3) | 57 (42.9) | 26 (65.0) | 38 (77.6) | |||
| SER(D) | −0.25 (1.7) | −0.63 (3.1) | 0.163 | 0.25 (0.5) | −1.6 (1.9) | – | 0.25 (1.3) | −2.5 (3.4) | – |
| Myopia, n (%) | 133 (45.2) | 49 (55.1) | 0.066 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Non-myopia, n (%) | 161 (54.8) | 40 (44.9) | – | – | – | – | |||
| AL (mm) | 23.6 (1.3) | 23.2 (1.0) | 24.2 (1.1) | <0.001 | |||||
*
Median (interquartile range) was used to describe continuous variables. Chi-square test was used in classification variable comparisons. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in continuous variable comparisons.
†
Fisher's exact test.