Table 2. Results of the repeated measure ANCOVAs for primary and secondary outcomes.
| Fixed effect (df1, df2) | DEX-p F-values (p-values) Effect size (η2) | DEX-C F-values (p-values) Effect size (η2) | ZMT (raw) F-values (p-values) Effect size (η2) | ZMT (errors) F-values (p-values) Effect size (η2) | PDQ-39 F-values (p-values) Effect size (η2) | DRS-II F-values (p-values) Effect size (η2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group (1, 10) | 0.82 (0.388) 0.008 | 0.36 (0.564) 0.006 | 0.21 (0.653) 0.006 | 1.19 (0.316) 0.082 | 3.08 (0.109) 0.073 | 1.42 (0.261) 0.04 |
| Time (4, 36) | 2.96 (0.033) * 0.087 | 6.02 (0.017) * 0.047 | 0.92 (0.443) 0.07 | 16.66 (0.001) * 0.102 | 1.77 (0.156) 0.017 | 0.23 (0.877) 0.003 |
| Time*Group (4, 36) | 0.75 (0.567) 0.008 | 0.483 (0.749) 0.001 | 0.56 (0.646) 0.026 | 3.53 (0.064) 0.057 | 5.31 (0.002) * 0.066 | 0.44 (0.723) 0.009 |
| Disease duration (1, 36) | 1.60 (0.214) 0.007 | 17.27 (0.004) * 0.0005 | 1.76 (0.196) 0.003 | 6.19 (0.03) * 0.066 | 0.12 (0.734) 0.004 | 5.48 (0.027) * 0.05 |
| MCID (SEM) | 3.054 | 4.552 | 1.116 | 1.315 | 4.463 | 2.483 |
Notes.
* p < 0.05.
Interpretation of effect sizes follows Cohen’s [55]: 0.00–0.003 = no effect; 0.01–0.039 = small effect; 0.06–0.11 = medium effect; 0.11–0.2 = large effect. Notes. DEX-p: Dysexecutive questionnaire for patients; DEX-C: Dysexecutive questionnaire for caregivers; df: degrees of freedom (1: numerator, 2: denominator); DRS-II: Dementia Rating Scale, second edition; MCID: Minimal Clinical Important Difference (for an indication of change); PDQ-39: Parkinson Disease Questionnaire, 39 items; SEM: Standard Error Mean; ZMT: Zoo Map Test.