Table 3.
Short-term effects of cleaning-related exposures on FEV1 and PEF among 21 professional female cleaners (n=312 person-days)
| Evening following exposure |
Morning following exposure |
Diurnal variation |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cleaning product exposures | FEV1 (mL) | PEF (L/min) | FEV1 (mL) | PEF (L/min) | FEV1 (mL) | PEF (L/min) |
|
| ||||||
| No use of any product* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Bleach | −84 (−209 to 42) | −16 (−40 to 8) | −46 (−178 to 86) | −10 (−37 to 17) | 2.7 (−1.1 to 6.6) | 4.0 (−1.7 to 9.7) |
| Liquid soap/detergent | −108 (−229 to 14) | −13 (−39 to 13) | −106 (−241 to 30) | −14 (−43 to 16) | 4.9 (1.5 to 8.4) | 5.9 (0.7 to 11.1) |
| Air freshener | −127 (−285 to 30) | −6 (−40 to 27) | −141 (−307 to 24) | 1 (−39 to 41) | 7.2 (2.6 to 11.8) | 8.6 (1.5 to 15.8) |
| Degreaser | −197 (−358 to −35) | −22 (−53 to 8) | −383 (−514 to −252) | 3 (−39 to 45) | 2.1 (−2.4 to 6.5) | 0.1 (−6.5 to 6.6) |
| Multiuse product | 3 (−136 to 142) | −4 (−31 to 23) | −25 (−176 to 126) | −11 (−44 to 22) | 6.8 (2.4 to 11.2) | 7.8 (1.1 to 14.4) |
| Limescale remover | −134 (−306 to 37) | −13 (−57 to 30) | 139 (−79 to 357) | 8 (−42 to 58) | 9.3 (4.4 to 14.1) | 13.0 (5.4 to 20.6) |
| Glass cleaner | 6 (−146 to 158) | −10 (−41 to 20) | −24 (−164 to 116) | −2 (−41 to 36) | 6.4 (1.7 to 11.2) | 6.7 (−0.9 to 14.3) |
| Dust mop product | −101 (−243 to 41) | −12 (−48 to 25) | −96 (−258 to 66) | −22 (−65 to 20) | 4.7 (0.1 to 9.3) | 7.3 (−0.5 to 15.1) |
| Powder soap/detergent | −115 (−330 to 100) | −4 (−57 to 49) | −523 (−712 to −334) | 11 (−66 to 88) | 8.5 (2.3 to 14.7) | 11.4 (2.5 to 20.3) |
| Ammonia | −22 (−275 to 231) | −23 (−82 to 36) | −168 (−389 to 53) | −40 (−112 to 32) | 12.7 (6.0 to 19.4) | 17.0 (5.9 to 28.0) |
| Solvent | −751 (−1092 to −411) | −114 (−233 to 5) | −1059 (−1392 to −726) | −212 (−339 to −85) | 0.6 (−6.5 to 7.6) | 6.5 (−9.2 to 22.1) |
| Hydrochloric acid | −616 (−843 to −390) | −21 (−102 to 61) | −526 (−758 to −293) | 104 (−3 to 212) | 1.1 (−4.4 to 6.6) | 1.1 (−11.1 to 13.4) |
| Wax/polishes | −300 (−499 to −101) | −26 (−86 to 35) | −23 (−291 to 245) | −13 (−85 to 60) | 4.9 (−3.4 to 13.1) | 0.8 (−14.3 to 16.0) |
| Carpet cleaner | −245 (−578 to 89) | −32 (−130 to 66) | −181 (−643 to 282) | −34 (−154 to 87) | 4.7 (−11.2 to 20.6) | 7.2 (−21.5 to 35.9) |
| Any irritant Number of different products |
−86 (−212 to 39) | −16 (−40 to 7) | −50 (−181 to 81) | −10 (−38 to 17) | 2.8 (−1.0 to 6.6) | 4.0 (−1.6 to 9.7) |
| 1–3 | −76 (−211 to 59) | −21 (−46 to 5) | −52 (−196 to 91) | −14 (−43 to 16) | −0.0 (−4.1 to 4.0) | 0.7 (−5.3 to 6.8) |
| >4 | −75 (−211 to 61) | −6 (−32 to 20) | −39 (−185 to 108) | −3 (−33 to 27) | 5.4 (1.4 to 9.3) | 6.8 (0.8 to 12.7) |
| Number of different sprays | ||||||
| 1–2 | −166 (−305 to −27) | −5 (−37 to 28) | −150 (−317 to 18) | −1 (−42 to 39) | 1.8 (−3.1 to 6.7) | 4.3 (−3.1 to 11.7) |
| >3 | −174 (−314 to −34) | −37 (−69 to −4) | − | − | 3.3 (−2.7 to 9.2) | 1.6 (−7.5 to 10.8) |
*
Referent category. Numbers represent mean difference (with 95% CIs) generated using linear mixed models adjusted for age, having a cold or flu, height, number of cigarettes smoked and use of respiratory medication. A random intercept for participant was included in the models.
FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the 1 s; PEF, peak expiratory flow.