TABLE 2.
Causal estimations of gut microbiota on psychiatric disorders in the MR analysis.
| Bacterial taxa (exposure) | Psychiatric disorder/traits (outcome) | No. SNP | R2 | F | IVW |
MLE |
MR-Egger |
WME |
MR-PRESSO |
|||||
| bxy | P | bxy | P | bxy | P | bxy | P | bxy | P | |||||
| Family Prevotellaceae | ASD | 13 | 2.61% | 37.99 | 0.24 | 5.31 × 10–4 | 0.25 | 6.31 × 10–4 | 0.15 | 0.55 | 0.25 | 7.81 × 10–3 | 0.24 | 1.84 × 10–3 |
| Class Betaproteobacteria | BD | 16 | 3.39% | 40.45 | 0.20 | 1.53 × 10–3 | 0.21 | 1.56 × 10–3 | 0.14 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 0.043 | 0.20 | 1.50 × 10–3 |
| Class Actinobacteria | SCZ | 28 | 5.54% | 38.60 | 0.12 | 1.33 × 10–3 | 0.12 | 1.12 × 10–3 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 2.02 × 10–3 |
| Class Bacteroidia | TS | 11 | 2.66% | 45.82 | −0.46 | 2.51 × 10–3 | −0.46 | 3.11 × 10–3 | −0.40 | 0.25 | −0.45 | 0.03 | –0.46 | 1.75 × 10–3 |
| Order Bacteroidales | 11 | 2.66% | 45.82 | −0.46 | 2.51 × 10–3 | −0.46 | 3.11 × 10–3 | −0.40 | 0.25 | −0.45 | 0.03 | –0.46 | 1.75 × 10–3 | |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | Extroversion | 23 | 3.36% | 27.86 | −0.08 | 8.22 × 10–4 | −0.08 | 1.22 × 10–3 | −0.23 | 0.063 | −0.05 | 0.12 | –0.08 | 2.78 × 10–3 |
| Class Actinobacteria | 28 | 5.41% | 37.68 | −0.07 | 1.09 × 10–3 | −0.07 | 1.46 × 10–3 | −0.14 | 0.13 | −0.07 | 0.02 | –0.07 | 1.52 × 10–3 | |
| Species Clostridium innocuum | NEU | 5 | 1.95% | 73.33 | 0.03 | 8.92 × 10–4 | 0.03 | 1.36 × 10–3 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
No. SNP is the number of SNPs being used as IVs.
R2 is the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by used SNPs.
F is the value of F statistics to examine the weak instrument bias.
bxy is the estimated effect coefficient.
s.e. is standard error of estimate coefficient.
Significant P-values were marked in bold after multiple-testing correction [phylum P = 5.56 × 10–3 (0.05/9), class P = 3.33 × 10–3 (0.05/15), order P = 2.63 × 10–3 (0.05/19), family P = 1.67 × 10–3 (0.05/30), genus P = 4.90 × 10–4 (0.05/102) and species P = 3.33 × 10–3 (0.05/15)].
IVW, the inverse-variance weighted test; MLE, the maximum likelihood estimator; WME, the weighted median estimator; ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; BD, bipolar disorder; SCZ, schizophrenia; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; TS, Tourette syndrome; NEU, neuroticism; SA, suicide attempt.