TABLE 6.
Overall pooled prevalence of specific and system-specific congenital anomalies.
| Anomaly Type* | N | % | (95%CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manuscripts | Cases | At Risk | |||
| Not defined | 8 | 49 | 13,372 | 0.34% | (0.04, 0.82) |
| Cleft lip and/or palate | 8 | 111 | 205,537 | 0.03% | (0.01, 0.05) |
| Neural tube defects and/or Hydrocephalus | 3 | 182 | 153,535 | 0.11% | (0.08, 0.14) |
| Cardiovascular | 3 | 8 | 3,502 | 0.23% | (0.01, 0.65) |
| Polydactyly and Syndactyly | 6 | 43 | 4,668 | 0.70% | (0.30, 1.22) |
| Musculoskeletal† | 5 | 14 | 5,855 | 0.20% | (0.07, 0.38) |
| Umbilical and Inguinal Hernia | 4 | 79 | 3,609 | 1.73% | (0.40, 3.81) |
| Esophageal, gastrointestinal, or anorectal | 3 | 47 | 182,745 | 0.02% | (0.0, 0.07) |
| Genitourinary | 2 | 8 | 2,662 | 0.23% | (0.06, 0.48) |
| Trisomy | 3 | 3 | 4,850 | 0.05% | (0.05, 0.15) |
| Multiple systems | 1 | 10 | 2,365 | 0.42% | (0.20, 0.78) |
| Other§ | 6 | 123 | 130,916 | 0.40% | (0.06, 0.98) |
Congenital anomalies were grouped into subtypes by common types (ex: neural tube defects) and by system (ex: musculoskeletal). A subgroup was created when there was more than one reported case or study reporting the type/system of the anomaly. When multiple anomalies were listed per infant, the infant was included as one overall infant but was included as a case in each of the anomalies sub-types. If specific anomalies were not specified, such infants were included in the “multiple systems” sub-group. Naevus/birthmarks were excluded when possible for the overall and type specific analyses.
Including talipes equinovarus.
Systems not defined.
Includes singular, or infrequent, reports of rare or non-specific anomalies that did not fit well into other defined sub-groups. Examples include natal tooth, anophthalmia, facial asymmetry, arachnoid cyst, hypopigmented skin, macrocephaly with brain defect, subtle dysmorphism, and plagiocephaly.