(A,B) Representative images (A) and quantification (B) of immunostaining intensity of phosphorylated eIF2α in motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord ventral horn of GarsΔETAQ/+ x tRNAGly-high mice. Scale bar: 100μm. n=4–5 mice per genotype; **p<0.01, ***p<0.0005 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (C-F) Representative images (C) and quantification of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for ATF4 target genes Gdf15 (D), Adm2 (E), and B4galnt2 (F). Scale bar: 50μm. n=5–6 mice per genotype; *p<0.05 by two-tailed Welch’s t-test with Bonferroni correction. (G-I) mRNA levels of ATF4 target genes Gdf15 (G), Fgf21 (H) and B4galnt2 (I) in spinal cord of GarsC201R/+ x tRNAGly-high mice. n=3 per genotype; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 by Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA. Graphs represent mean ± SEM.