Table 1:
Prevalence of signs and IVP by CT and/or NG status and city, Zambian HRW, 2016
| Overall | Lusaka | Ndola | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT Only (n=68) | NG Only (n=34) | CT & NG Co-infected (n=22) | CT/NG Uninfected (n=701) | Fisher’s p-value CT vs Uninfected |
Fisher’s p-value NG vs Uninfected |
Fisher’s p-value CT vs Uninfected |
Fisher’s p-value NG vs Uninfected |
Fisher’s p-value CT vs Uninfected |
Fisher’s p-value NG vs Uninfected |
|||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |||||||
| Internal genitalia discharge vagina | 29 | (57) | 16 | (67) | 12 | (80) | 304 | (69) | 0.33b | 0.71 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.71 | 0.41 |
| Internal genitalia adnexal tenderness | 2 | (4) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1.00 |
| No clinical signs observed | 20 | (39) | 7 | (29) | 3 | (20) | 130 | (30) | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Pelvic exam not performed (Missing) | 17 | (25) | 10 | (29) | 7 | (32) | 261 | (37) | ||||||
| Washes External Genitalia with Water | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 52 | (100) | 23 | (100) | 12 | (100) | 438 | (100) | ||||||
| No | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0) | ||||||
| Washes Internal Genitalia with Water | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 45 | (100) | 22 | (100) | 11 | (100) | 385 | (100) | ||||||
| No | 0 | (0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0) | ||||||
| Washes External Genitalia with Soap | 0.21b | 0.14b | 0.80b | 0.14 | 0.17b | 0.34b | ||||||||
| Yes | 19 | (37) | 7 | (30) | 4 | (33) | 194 | (44) | ||||||
| No | 33 | (63) | 16 | (70) | 8 | (67) | 244 | (56) | ||||||
| Washes Internal Genitalia with Soap | 0.06b | 0.60 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.16b | 0.60 | ||||||||
| Yes | 2 | (4) | 2 | (9) | 1 | (9) | 56 | (15) | ||||||
| No | 43 | (96) | 20 | (91) | 10 | (91) | 330 | (85) | ||||||
| Washes External Genitalia with Detergent | 0.34b | 0.05b | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.07b | 0.21b | ||||||||
| Yes | 19 | (37) | 10 | (43) | 9 | (75) | 165 | (38) | ||||||
| No | 33 | (63) | 13 | (57) | 3 | (25) | 274 | (62) | ||||||
| Washes Internal Genitalia with Detergent | 0.59 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.39 | 0.18 | ||||||||
| Yes | 2 | (4) | 2 | (9) | 3 | (27) | 28 | (7) | ||||||
| No | 43 | (96) | 20 | (91) | 8 | (73) | 357 | (93) | ||||||
CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; HRW, high-risk women; IVP, intra-vaginal practices; NG, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; ref, reference group.
The following signs were also investigated during physical examination, but none where clinically observed: External genitalia inguinal adenopathy >1cm unilateral, External genitalia inguinal adenopathy >1cm bilateral, External genitalia inflammation, External genitalia condyloma/warts, Internal genitalia inflammation of vagina, Internal genitalia ulcer vagina, Internal genitalia erosion or friability cervix, Internal genitalia erosion or friability vagina, Internal genitalia non-menstrual bleeding cervix, Internal genitalia non-menstrual bleeding vagina, Internal genitalia condyloma/warts cervix, Internal genitalia condyloma/warts vagina, Internal genitalia adnexal mass.
χ2 p-value.