Fig. 1.

EVs released from graft tissue function as well-protected messenger complexes that allow for the transfer of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to neighbouring or distant targets.

By carrying biomolecules from tissues to biofluids, EVs may serve as non-invasive sources of clinical biomarkers. Characterising the cellular sources using surface markers can provide biological information about the functional state of liver-specific parent cells. dsDNA, donor-specific DNA; EV, extracellular vesicle; miRNA, microRNA.