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. 2021 Dec 23;30(4):3177–3186. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06763-z

Table 3.

Multivariate linear regression analysis results of the scores of the HADS-A, HADS-D, and HRQoL

Variables Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
B Standard error 95% CI Beta (Descending) t p
HADS-Aa
  Constant 9.447 1.008 7.466, 11.428 9.374  < .001*
  Age  − 0.065 .014  − .092, − .038  − 0.230  − 4.692  < .001*
  Having an underlying disease 1.526 .332 .874, 2.178 0.219 4.599  < .001*
  Support from physicians  − 0.175 .059  − .291, − .059  − 0.142  − 2.965 .003*
HADS-D
  Constant 14.443 0.143 14.162, 14.723 101.289  < .001*
  Breast reconstruction 0.626 0.252 .130, 1.121 0.116 2.482 .013*
  Having an underlying disease 0.501 0.115 .099, .903 0.115 2.451 .015*
BRBIa
  Constant 59.467 6.742 46.211, 72.722 8.820  < .001*
  Chemotherapy 8.027 2.301 3.503, 12.552 0.180 3.488 .001*
  Having an underlying disease 7.761 2.278 3.283, 12.239 0.169 3.407 .001*
  Age  − 0.303 .099  − .498, − .108  − 0.166  − 3.059 .002*
  Breast reconstruction 5.589 2.758 .166, 11.011 0.102 2.026 .043*
BRSEFa
  Constant 57.389 4.227 49.079, 65.699 5.987  < .001*
  Age 0.403 .067 .271, .536 0.281 5.987  < .001*
  Having an underlying disease 5.530 1.643 2.299, 8.760 0.156 3.365 .001*
  Support from husband/partner  − 1.532 .490  − 2.494, − .569  − 0.143  − 3.129 .002*
  Belonging to a culture/ethnic minority 13.531 4.694 4.303, 22.759 0.131 2.882 .004*
BRSEEa
  Constant/ 25.446 8.902 7.885, 43.006 2.859 .005*
  Age .535 0.161 .217, .853 0.247 3.316 .001*
  Education 9.005 3.521 2.059, 15.951 0.191 2.558 .011*
  Support from husband/partner  − 1.703 .789  − 3.259, − .147  − 0.145  − 2.159 .032*
BRFUa
  Constant 77.786 7.304 63.428, 92.144 10.649  < .001*
  Age  − 0.548 0.097  − 0.739, − 0.357  − 0.272  − 5.639  < .001*
  Having an underlying disease 11.497 2.251 7.072, 15.922 0.230 5.107  < .001*
  Support from physicians  − 1.503 .402  − 2.293, − .713  − 0.171  − 3.741  < .001*
  Chemotherapy 6.229 2.291 1.726, 10.732 0.127 2.719 .007*
BRSTa
  Constant 28.431 1.578 25.328, 31.533 18.012  < .001*
  Having an underlying disease 8.391 1.180 6.071, 10.711 0.316 7.110  < .001*
  Chemotherapy 5.118 1.174 2.811, 7.424 0.197 4.361  < .001*
  Support from family and friends  − 1.111 .366  − 1.830, − .393  − 0.135  − 3.040 .003*
  Support from physicians  − .631 .212  − 1.048, − .215  − 0.135  − 2.979 .003*
BRBSa
  Constant 43.823 3.785 36.383, 51.262 11.579  < .001*
  Radiotherapy 7.040 1.255 4.572, 9.507 0.252 5.607  < .001*
  Belonging to a culture/ethnic minority 16.237 3.718 8.928, 23.545 0.195 4.367  < .001*
  Age  − 0.226 0.054  − 0.332, − 0.119  − 0.196  − 4.159  < .001*
  Having an underlying disease 4.680 1.304 2.118, 7.242 0.164 3.590 .018*
  Support from nurses  − .477 .200  − .870, − .084  − 0.110  − 2.384 .018*
BRASa
  Constant 28.234 1.265 25.746, 30.721 22.311  < .001*
  Radiotherapy 8.455 1.661 5.190, 11.721 0.265 5.090  < .001*
  Having an underlying disease 8.462 1.457 5.597, 11.326 0.260 5.808  < .001*
  Chemotherapy 3.991 1.655 0.738, 7.244 0.125 2.411 .016*
BRHL
  Constant 32.794 1.879 29,100, 36.487 17.449  < .001*
  Support from physicians  − .706 .271  − 1.238, − .174  − 0.123  − 2.608 .009*
  Belonging to a culture/ethnic minority 10.450 4.430 1.744, 19.157 0.111 2.359 .019*

*A level of significance of 0.05

aChemotherapy and support from nurses were significant only in univariate analyses for HADS-A; radiotherapy, Herceptin, support from physicians, and from nurses were significant only in univariate analyses for quality of life – body image. Breast reconstruction, civil status, education, and support from physicians were significant only in univariate analyses for BRSEF. Chemotherapy and support from internet were significant only in univariate analyses for BRSEE. Civil status and support from nurses were significant only in univariate analyses for BRFU. Age was significant only in univariate analysis for BRST. Chemotherapy, civil status, and support from physicians were significant only in univariate analyses for BRBS. Age and support from physicians were significant only in univariate analyses for BRAS

HADS-A, F = 17.551, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.107

HADS-D, F = 5.585, p = .004, Adjusted R2 = 0.020

BRBI, F = 11.067, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.093

BRSEF, F = 21.160, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.164

BRSEE, F = 11.775, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.146

BRFU, F = 24.916, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.184

BRST, F = 23.228, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.173

BRBS, F = 19.798, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.185

BRAS, F = 27.954, p < .001, Adjusted R2 = 0.160

BRHL, F = 6.377, p = .002, Adjusted R2 = 0.024

Hospital, Anxiety, and Depression Scale – Anxiety subscale (HADS-A); Hospital, Anxiety, and Depression Scale – Depression subscale (HADS-D); Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL); Quality of life – body image (BRBI); Quality of life – sexual functioning (BRSEF); Quality of life – sexual enjoyment (BRSEE); Quality of life – future perspective (BRFU); Quality of life – systemic therapy side effects (BRST); Quality of life – breast symptoms (BRBS); Quality of life – arm symptoms (BRAS); and Quality of life – upset by hair loss (BRHL)