Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of the cohort
| ZIKV-exposed children (n=68), n (%) | ZIKV-unexposed children* (n=63), n (%) | χ2 | P value | |
| Child’s sex | 0.021 | 0.88 | ||
| Males | 38 (56) | 36 (57) | ||
| Females | 30 (44) | 27 (43) | ||
| Household income (monthly Eastern Caribbean dollars) | 1.87 | 0.76 | ||
| Under 1000 | 5 (7) | 4 (7) | ||
| 1001–2000 | 9 (13) | 10 (17) | ||
| 2001–3000 | 11 (16) | 14 (23) | ||
| Over 3000 | 10 (15) | 9 (15) | ||
| Unknown/refused | 33 (49) | 23 (38) | ||
| Maternal education | 2.09 | 0.72 | ||
| Primary | 11 (16) | 8 (13) | ||
| Secondary | 35 (52) | 35 (58) | ||
| College degree | 5 (7) | 4 (7) | ||
| Graduate degree | 6 (9) | 2 (3) | ||
| Unknown/refused | 11 (16) | 11 (19) | ||
| Food security | 2.79 | 0.42 | ||
| Food secure | 27 (40) | 25 (41) | ||
| Food insecure (moderate) | 18 (26) | 21 (35) | ||
| Food insecure (severe) | 8 (12) | 7 (12) | ||
| Unknown/refused | 15 (22) | 7 (12) | ||
| Prematurity | 4.05 | 0.13 | ||
| Delivery at >37 weeks gestation | 53 (78) | 51 (85) | ||
| Delivery at ≤37 weeks gestation | 3 (4) | 5 (8) | ||
| Unknown/refused | 12 (18) | 4 (7) | ||
| Neonatal complications | 0.89 | 0.64 | ||
| No complication | 48 (71) | 45 (75) | ||
| Neonatal complications | 17 (25) | 14 (23) | ||
| Unknown/refused | 3 (4) | 1 (2) | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t-Value | P value | |
| Gestational age at delivery (in weeks) | 39.39 (1.67) | 38.80 (2.60) | −1.43 | 0.16 |
| Mother’s age at delivery (in years) | 29.15 (5.85) | 28.51 (7.13) | −0.55 | 0.58 |
| Child’s age at outcome (in months) | 24.65 (1.30) | 24.61 (0.92) | −0.18 | 0.86 |
| Child’s head circumference (z-score)† | 0.56 (0.89) | 0.53 (0.95) | −0.19 | 0.85 |
| Child’s weight (z-score)† | 0.48 (1.06) | 0.37 (1.19) | −0.54 | 0.59 |
| Child’s height (z-score)† | 0.14 (1.05) | −0.08 (0.98) | −1.15 | 0.25 |
| Household CHAOS Scale | 26.79 (7.72) | 27.14 (7.72) | −0.21 | 0.83 |
| Household Social Support Questionnaire | 38.08 (10.10) | 35.23 (9.42) | −1.39 | 0.17 |
*Household variables will sum to n=60, rather than n=63, due to three twin births in unexposed group.
†Z-scores were calculated using WHO Child Growth Standards.
CHAOS, chaos, order, and hubbub; ZIKV, Zika virus.