Figure 4. Molecular pathways required for mannan-elicited lymph node innate response regulate the magnitude of mannan adjuvant activity.

(A-H) CFSE-labelled OT-I CD8⁺ T or OT-II CD4⁺ T cells were injected intravenously in WT mice on day −1. On day 0 the mice were intradermally injected with saline, ovalbumin (OVA), or OVA combined with mannans (OVA + mann). 3 days later dLNs were isolated and the absolute numbers of CFSE^lo cells (i.e., cells that underwent at least one cycle of cell division) (A, E) or the percentages of cells in each division peak (B, F) were quantified by flow cytometry. N = 4 mice per group. ## indicates p ≤ 0.01 when comparing each group against saline control (A, E). * and ** respectively indicate p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01 when comparing OVA vs OVA + mann. (A, B, E, F). (C, D, G, H) WT, Fcer1g^−/− and Card9^−/− mice were treated and analyzed as in A, B, E, F (with the exception that all mice received OVA combined with mannans). N = 4 mice per genotype. # and ## respectively indicate p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01 when comparing WT vs Fcer1g^−/− (black) or Card9^−/− vs Fcer1g^−/− (blue). * and ** respectively indicate p ≤ 0.05 and 0.01 when comparing WT vs Card9^−/−. Results in B, F and D, H are shown as mean + SD.