Table 1.

Demographic and clinical variables

Age, years	61.1 ± 8.3 (35–77)
Education, years	10.1 ± 4.2 (3–23)
Men–women	114–67 (63–37%)
Disease duration, years	11.7 ± 4 (4–32)
UPDRS I	2.4 ± 2.2 (0–16)
UPDRS II on	9.8 ± 7.3 (0–36)
UPDRS II off	20.1 ± 9.5 (1–75)
UPDRS III on	15.1 ± 8.7 (1–45.5)
UPDRS III off	38.6 ± 13.7 (8–83)
UPDRS IV	6.6 ± 3.7 (0–17)
Hoehn and Yahr on	2.1 ± 0.7 (0–4)
Hoehn and Yahr off	3 ± 1 (0–5)
Schwab and England on	89.5 ± 12 (50–100)
Schwab and England off	60.9 ± 20.1 (10–90)
LEDD, mg	1140.1 ± 447.3 (0–2567.5)
Epworth sleepiness scale	8.6 ± 5.1 (0–23)
Parkinson’s disease sleep scale	23.4 ± 11.2 (2–53)
PDSS-2 disturbed sleep	9.9 ± 3.8 (0–20)
PDSS-2 motor symptoms at night	7.5 ± 4.9 (0–20)
PDSS-2 PD symptoms at night	6.1 ± 4.5 (0–18)
Beck depression inventory	12.4 ± 7.5 (0–34)
Marin apathy scale	12.2 ± 6.1 (0–28)
Mini-Mental State Examination	28.6 ± 1.6 (24–30)
Raven coloured progressive matrices test	28.0 ± 5.8 (0–36)
Corsi’s block tapping test	4.5 ± 0.9 (2–7)
Paired associative learning	12.1 ± 3.2 (5.5–21)
Digit cancellation test	46.6 ± 9.9 (5–60)
Trail making test A	57.3 ± 42.3 (19–350)
Frontal assessment battery	15.4 ± 2.6 (7–18)
Trail making test B	168.1 ± 139.9 (39–600)
Phonemic verbal fluency	38.0 ± 15 (11–92)
Category verbal fluency	22.1 ± 6.2 (8.25–39)

All data are reported as means ± standard deviation (range), or absolute numbers (percentage)

LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose, mg