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. 2022 Feb 18;12:2787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06209-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inter-individual differences in sleep gain on ≥ 9AM-days. Shown are relationships between chronotype (MSF_sc; local time) or frequency of ≥ 9AM-starts (% of schooldays with later starts) with sleep gain on ≥ 9AM-days. Sleep gain was quantified as the absolute difference in sleep duration between ≥ 9AM and 8AM-days, with positive numbers indicating longer sleep duration on ≥ 9AM-days. Data are from the longitudinal cohort (n = 28) during (A), t1 (light red) and (B), t2 (red). Results of Pearson (r) and Spearman (rho) correlations are indicated. Tukey outliers in sleep gain, which over-proportionally influence the correlation with 9AM-use at t1 (right panel in A), are marked with grey empty circles, and correlation results including (grey) and excluding outliers (black) are provided.