Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Feb 18;12:2787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06209-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Gender differences in sleep onset, offset and duration on ≥ 9AM-days versus 8AM-days in the flexible system. Depicted is the absolute difference between 8AM and ≥ 9AM-days in (A), average sleep onset (sleep onset delay) and (B), average sleep offset (sleep offset delay) and (C), average sleep duration (sleep gain) per individual from the longitudinal cohort (n = 28), with positive numbers indicating higher values on ≥ 9AM-days. Results of two-way mixed ANOVAs with the between-subjects factor gender (female/male) and the within-subjects factor time point (light red = t1/red = t2) are reported above each graph. Given the significant interaction effect on sleep onset delay, main effects are not reported, instead statistically significant post-hoc comparisons are indicated. See main text and Supplementary Tab. S1 for detailed effect sizes. All boxplots are Tukey boxplots. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.