Table 3.

Odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between MIND diet and MS in a sample of RRMS patients compared to healthy individuals based on the tertiles of MIND diet^a

MIND diet	Tertiles of MIND diet score			P for trend
	1st	2nd	3rd
MIND
No. cases/no. controls	10/49	6/50	61/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.07 (0.02–0.18)	0.05 (0.01–0.36)	< 0.001
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.16 (0.05–0.49)	0.10 (0.01–0.88)	0.001
Green leafy vegetables	Less than 57 g/day	57–100 g/day	More than 100 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	73/49	4/50	0/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.04 (0.01–0.13)	0.01 (0.00–0.10)	< 0.001
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.04 (0.01–0.17)	0.02 (0.00–0.21)	< 0.001
Other vegetables	Less than 165 g/day	165–280 g/day	More than 280 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	60/49	14/50	3/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.19 (0.09–0.41)	0.05 (0.01–0.16)	< 0.001
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.27 (0.11–0.67)	0.17 (0.04–0.73)	0.001
Nuts	Less than 5 g/day	5–10 g/day	More than 10 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	40/49	16/50	21/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.63 (0.30–1.30)	0.59 (0.28–1.25)	0.770
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.94 (0.38–2.33)	1.75 (0.65–4.70)	0.280
Berries	Less than 5 g/day	5–11 g/day	More than 11 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	44/49	22/50	11/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.64 (0.32–1.27)	0.43 (0.20–0.90)	0.024
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.86 (0.37–2.01)	1.02 (0.39–2.64)	0.981
Beans	Less than 36 g/day	36–66 g/day	More than 66 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	64/49	9/50	4/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.10 (0.04–0.24)	0.03 (0.01–0.11)	< 0.001
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.13 (0.05–0.37)	0.05 (0.01–0.28)	< 0.001
Whole grains	Less than 47 g/day	47–93 g/day	More than 93 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	35/49	25/50	17/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.87 (0.44–1.73)	0.54 (0.25–1.16)	0.123
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.99 (0.43–2.29)	0.43 (0.16–1.18)	0.131
Fish	Less than 5 g/day	5–12 g/day	More than 12 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	26/49	23/50	28/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.81 (0.39–1.69)	0.94 (0.45–1.96)	0.888
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	1.53 (0.61–3.82)	1.95 (0.74–5.16)	0.177
Poultry	Less than 26 g/day	26–45 g/day	More than 45 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	42/49	19/50	16/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.93 (0.47–1.83)	0.73 (0.32–1.69)	0.491
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	2.10 (0.83–5.36)	3.95 (1.01–15.5)	0.039
Olive oil	Less than 0.5 g/day	0.5–2.6 g/day	More than 2.6 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	36/49	23/50	18/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.80 (0.40–1.58)	0.52 (0.25–1.09)	0.085
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.92 (0.36–2.34)	0.81 (0.31–2.08)	0.897
Red meats	Less than 34 g/day	34–52 g/day	More than 52 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	24/49	18/50	35/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.80 (0.36–1.80)	1.84 (0.85–3.98)	0.088
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	1.13 (0.42–3.04)	1.39 (0.52–3.70)	0.508
Butter and stick margarine	Less than 4 g/day	4–8 g/day	More than 8 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	24/49	22/50	31/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.62 (0.29–1.30)	0.62 (0.28–1.39)	0.250
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.36 (0.13–1.00)	0.20 (0.06–0.65)	0.008
Cheese	Less than 16 g/day	16–30 g/day	More than 30 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	27/49	27/50	23/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	0.52 (0.24–1.13)	1.93 (0.96–3.86)	0.056
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	0.89 (0.34–2.34)	4.45 (1.70–11.6)	0.003
Pastries and sweets	Less than 42 g/day	42–91 g/day	More than 91 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	3/49	4/50	70/49
Base modelb	1.00 (Ref.)	1.87 (0.43–8.22)	26.05 (7.00–96.9)	< 0.001
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	1.64 (0.32–8.46)	13.9 (3.04–64.18)	< 0.001
Fried/fast foods	Less than 21 g/day	21–30 g/day	More than 30 g/day
No. cases/no. controls	10/49	6/50	61/49
Base MODELb	1.00 (Ref.)	6.41 (1.37–29.9)	26.63 (5.93–119.5)	< 0.001
Full modelc	1.00 (Ref.)	7.12 (1.19–42.7)	32.8 (5.39–199.3)	< 0.001

^aLogistic regression model

^bAdjusted for age (years), gender (male/female), smoking (yes/no), total calories (kcal)

^cAdditionally adjusted for BMI (kg/m²), carbohydrate intake (g/day), animal-based protein intake (g/day), fiber intake (g/day)