Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics by PAI status
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 140) | Low PAI (n = 29) | Normal PAI (n = 111) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at operation, years | 78.1 ± 5.2 | 81.0 ± 5.8 | 77.3 ± 4.7 | 0.001 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.49 ± 0.17 | 1.45 ± 0.15 | 1.50 ± 0.18 | 0.051 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 ± 3.8 | 21.6 ± 4.2 | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 0.156 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 61.9 ± 9.0 | 62.2 ± 9.0 | 62.1 ± 9.0 | 0.622 |
| Aortic value area, cm2 | 0.80 ± 0.17 | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.80 ± 0.18 | 0.731 |
| Mean transaortic pressure gradient, mmHg | 51.0 ± 18.1 | 52.0 ± 19.4 | 50.8 ± 17.9 | 0.780 |
| Serum albumin, mg/dl | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 0.794 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1.44 ± 1.9 | 1.34 ± 1.8 | 1.47 ± 1.9 | 0.761 |
| EuroSCORE II, % | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 2.3 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 0.316 |
| Psoas muscle area, mm2 | 1520 ± 513 | 1025 ± 221 | 1648 ± 488 | < 0.001 |
| Psoas muscle area index, mm2/m2 | 1005 ± 260 | 704 ± 112 | 1083 ± 290 | < 0.001 |
| Gender | 0.983 | |||
| Female | 77 (55.0) | 16 (55.2) | 61 (55.0) | |
| Male | 63 (45.0) | 13 (44.8) | 50 (45.0) | |
| New York Heart Association | 0.644 | |||
| I | 13 (9.3) | 1 (3.6) | 12 (10.9) | |
| II | 89 (63.6) | 18 (64.3) | 69 (62.7) | |
| III | 28 (20.0) | 7 (25.0) | 21 (19.1) | |
| IV | 10 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | 8 (7.3) | |
| Comorbid disease | ||||
| Diabetes | 32 (22.9) | 7 (24.1) | 25 (22.7) | 0.872 |
| Dyslipidemia | 51 (36.4) | 10 (34.5) | 41 (36.9) | 0.807 |
| Hypertension | 90 (64.3) | 15 (51.7) | 75 (67.6) | 0.113 |
| CKD (cre > 1.5 mg/dl) | 19 (13.6) | 3 (10.3) | 16 (14.4) | 0.569 |
| End-stage renal disease | 11 (7.9) | 2 (6.9) | 9 (8.1) | 0.829 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 6 (4.3) | 2 (6.9) | 4 (3.6) | 0.436 |
| Previous cerebrovascular accidents | 5 (3.6) | 1 (3.4) | 4 (3.6) | 0.968 |
| Previous percutaneous coronary intervention | 15 (10.8) | 3 (10.3) | 12 (10.8) | 0.942 |
| Arrhythmia | 8 (5.7) | 2 (6.9) | 6 (5.4) | 0.758 |
| COPD (FEV 1.0 < 70%) | 44 (31.4) | 11 (37.9) | 33 (30.0) | 0.414 |
| Current smoker | 17 (12.1) | 3 (10.3) | 14 (12.6) | 0.739 |
Values are number of patients (%) or mean ± standard deviation
EuroSCOREII European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, PAI psoas muscle area index