Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient endoscopic procedures during spring 2018–2020
| March–May 2018 + March–May 2019 | March–May 2020 | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Number of patients | n | 1288 | 453 | |
| Sex (%) | Male | 662 (51.4) | 236 (52.1) | 0.79 |
| Female | 626 (48.6) | 217 (47.9) | ||
| Average Age (SD) | 63.4 (16.8) | 62.3 (17.2) | 0.23 | |
| Race (%) | White | 924 (71.7) | 329 (72.6) | 0.01 |
| Black | 240 (18.6) | 63 (13.9) | ||
| Other/Declined | 124 (9.6) | 61 (13.5) | ||
| Ethnicity (%) | Hispanic | 144 (11.2) | 63 (13.9) | 0.12 |
| Non-Hispanic | 1144 (88.8) | 390 (86.1) | ||
| Median household income by zip code (%) | < $46,000 | 212 (16.5) | 74 (16.4) | 0.92 |
| $46,000- $75,000 | 461 (35.8) | 158 (35.0) | ||
| $75,000- $113,000 | 495 (38.4) | 173 (38.3) | ||
| > $113,000 | 120 (9.3) | 47 (10.5) | ||
| Body Mass Index | Underweight + Normal | 476 (37.0) | 178 (39.4) | 0.68 |
| Overweight | 380 (29.5) | 130 (28.8) | ||
| Obese | 425 (33.0) | 143 (31.6) | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index | None (score 0) | 62 (4.9) | 28 (6.4) | 0.50 |
| Mild (score 1–2) | 154 (12.1) | 61 (13.7) | ||
| Moderate (score 3–4) | 181 (14.2) | 58 (13.0) | ||
| Severe (score ≥ 5) | 874 (68.8) | 300 (67.1) | ||
| COVID-19 Diagnosis (%) | N/A | 18 (4.0) | N/A | |
| Average distance from hospital in miles (SD) | 26.2 (102.9) | 18.4 (21.7) | 0.11 | |
| Average length of stay in days (SD) | 12.8 (22.4) | 14.4 (20.8) | 0.12 | |
| 30-day readmission (%) | 323 (25.1) | 109 (24.1) | 0.67 | |
| 30-day mortality (%) | 71 (5.5) | 46 (10.1) | 0.001 | |
| Principal diagnosis for mortality (%) | Bleed | 17 (23.9) | 17 (37.0) | 0.13 |
| Sepsis | 15 (21.1) | 7 (15.2) | 0.42 | |
| Malignancy | 14 (19.7) | 4 (8.7) | 0.11 | |
| Cardiac | 8 (11.3) | 3 (6.5) | 0.39 | |
| Other | 17 (23.9) | 8 (17.3) | 0.40 | |
| COVID-19 | N/A | 7 (15.2) | N/A | |
| Procedure characteristics | ||||
| Number of procedures | n | 1700 | 613 | |
| Procedures (%) | Upper endoscopic procedures | 1055 (62.1) | 366 (59.7) | 0.39 |
| Lower endoscopic procedures | 398 (23.4) | 144 (23.5) | ||
| ERCP | 248 (14.6) | 103 (16.8) | ||
| Procedures performed outside endoscopy suite (%) | 165 (9.7) | 79 (12.9) | 0.03 | |
| Intensive Care Unit Admission (%) | 386 (22.7) | 166 (27.1) | 0.04 | |
| Transfusions (%) | 561 (33.0) | 250 (40.8) | 0.001 | |
| Day of consult (%) | Weekday | 1325 (77.9) | 491 (80.1) | 0.27 |
| Weekend | 375 (22.06) | 122 (19.9) | ||
| Time of consult (%) | After-hours (5PM to 8AM) | 194 (11.4) | 80 (13.1) | 0.28 |
| Day of procedure (%) | Weekday | 1639 (96.4) | 596 (97.2) | 0.34 |
| Weekend | 61 (3.6) | 17 (2.8) | ||
| Time of procedure (%) | After-hours (5PM to 8AM) | 101 (5.9) | 34 (5.5) | 0.72 |
| Average time to Procedure–hours (SD) | All procedures | 26.2 (22.7) | 21.9 (18.4) | < 0.001 |
| Urgent | 22.3 (21.2) | 18.7 (16.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Non-urgent | 32.3 (23.6) | 28.5 (10.4) | 0.02 | |
| Procedure Urgency (%) | Urgent | 1028 (60.4) | 407 (66.4) | 0.01 |
| Non-urgent | 672 (39.5) | 206 (33.6) | ||
| Urgent (%) | Obstruction/volvulus | 19 (1.8) | 9 (2.2) | 0.49 |
| Bleed | 725 (70.5) | 286 (70.3) | ||
| Foreign body | 53 (5.2) | 14 (3.4) | ||
| Biliary obstruction/cholangitis | 230 (22.4) | 98 (24.1) | ||
| Non-Urgent (%) | GI symptoms | 227 (33.8) | 65 (31.5) | 0.52 |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 181 (26.9) | 60 (29.1) | ||
| Screening | 74 (11.0) | 23 (11.1) | ||
| Dysphagia | 69 (10.3) | 29 (14.1) | ||
| Abnormal imaging | 56 (8.3) | 15 (7.3) | ||
| Other | 65 (9.7) | 14 (6.8) | ||
| Procedures with GI bleed indications | ||||
| Number of procedures | n | 725 | 286 | |
| Glasgow-Blatchford score | Low risk (score < 6) | 93 (12.83) | 26 (9.1) | 0.09 |
| High risk (score ≥ 6) | 632 (87.2) | 260 (90.9) | ||
N/A = Not applicable; SD = Standard deviation; ERCP = Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography; GI = Gastrointestinal