Table 3.
Predicted optimum ranges of the independent variables and comparison of the observed and predicted values in the NLC (actual values are expressed as mean, SD, n = 3)∗.
| Response variables | Predicted value | Observed value | Residual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Particle size (nm) | 142.70 | 166.3 ± 0.19 | 16.54 |
| Polydispersity index | 00.26 | 0.35 ± 0.1 | 34.61 |
| Zeta potential (mV) | −24.9 | −26.9 ± 0.17 | 8.03 |
| Encapsulation Efficiency (%) | 91.15 | 91.2 ± 0.15 | −0.05 |
The predicted levels of formulation factors obtained by the software were 5.5:4.5 (w/w) of palm stearin ratio, 1:4.9 (w/w) lipid:surfactant ratio, and 24:76% (w/w) (lipid + surfactant: water) ratio. Residual was calculated as (predicted value – observed value)/predicted value x 100%.