Table 2.
Sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities of electronic communication users versus nonusers.a
| Characteristics | All users (N=5438) | Nonusers (n=2092) | Users (n=3337) | P value | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.58 (17.58) | 50.52 (19.06) | 48.06 (16.36) | .005 | |||||
| Comorbidities, mean (SD) | 1.12 (1.15) | 0.99 (1.14) | 1.08 (1.13) | .14 | |||||
| Trusting a doctor, mean (SD) | 3.67 (0.58) | 3.56 (0.66) | 3.66 (0.59) | .001 | |||||
| Patient-perceived quality of care, mean (SD) | 3.96 (0.93) | 3.84 (0.92) | 4.01 (0.93) | .002 | |||||
| Age categories (% weighted)b | <.001 | ||||||||
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Young adults (<45 years) | 38.4 | 36.5 | 41.0 |
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Middle-aged adults (45-64 years) | 39.7 | 37.9 | 42.4 |
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Older adults (≥65 years) | 19.7 | 25.7 | 16.6 |
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| Gender (female) (% weighted)c | 50.1 | 47.2 | 53.9 | .003 | |||||
| Education level (% weighted)d | <.001 | ||||||||
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Less than high school | 6.8 | 12.2 | 3.6 |
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High school graduate | 22.8 | 31.3 | 18.3 |
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Some college | 39.1 | 37.7 | 41.7 |
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College graduate or more | 28.7 | 18.7 | 36.4 |
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| Marital status (married or partnered, % weighted)e | 54 | 49.1 | 59.9 | <.001 | |||||
| Race/ethnicity (% weighted)f | .002 | ||||||||
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White | 58 | 60.9 | 65 |
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African American | 10.3 | 13.1 | 10.2 |
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Hispanic | 15.4 | 20 | 14.9 |
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Other | 7.7 | 6 | 9.9 |
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| Household income (≥US $50,000) (% weighted)g | 54.5 | 42.2 | 63.9 | <.001 | |||||
| Living alone (% weighted)h | 16.9 | 21.9 | 15 | <.001 | |||||
| Residency (rural) (% weighted)i | 13.3 | 17.4 | 10.5 | .001 | |||||
| Having a regular health care provider (yes) (% weighted)j | 63.3 | 51.4 | 72.9 | <.001 | |||||
| Use of electronic communication (yes) (% weighted)k | 60.3 | —l | — | — | |||||
aAbsolute values are not provided in this table because the percentages are weighted. The absolute values are summarized in the Multimedia Appendix 2. Significant P values are italicized.
bAge categories (0=young adults, 1=middle-aged adults, 2=older adults).
cGender (0=male, 1=female).
dEducation (0=less than high school, 1=high school graduate, 2=some college, 3=college graduate or more).
eMarital status (0=not married, 1=married or partnered).
fRace/ethnicity (0= White, 1=African American, 2=Hispanic, 3=other).
gHousehold income (0=less than US $50,000, 1=≥US $50,000).
hLiving alone (0=living with others, 1=living alone).
iResidency (0=nonrural, 1=rural).
jHaving a regular health care provider (0=no, 1=yes).
kUse of electronic communication with a clinician (0=no, 1=yes).
lNot available.