Table 3.

Factors associated with electronic communication.

Variables			Model 1a					Model 2b
			Odds ratio (95% CI)		P valuec		Odds ratio (95% CI)			P valuec
Age
	Young adults (<45 years)	Refd		Ref		Ref			Ref
	Middle-aged adults (45-64 years)	0.87 (0.66-1.14)		.31		0.86 (0.65-1.15)			.30
	Older adults (≥65 years)	0.51 (0.39-0.68)		<.001		0.42 (0.31-0.57)			<.001
Female			1.44 (1.17-1.77)		.001		1.47 (1.18-1.82)			.001
Education level
	Less than high school	Ref		Ref		Ref			Ref
	High school graduate	1.92 (1.09-3.39)		.03		1.95 (1.14-3.34)			.02
	Some college	3.32 (1.82-6.07)		<.001		3.34 (1.84-6.05)			<.001
	College graduate or more	4.78 (2.63-8.68)		<.001		4.89 (2.67-8.95)			<.001
Married or partnered			1.28 (0.97-1.69)		.08		1.26 (0.94-1.68)			.12
Race/ethnicity
	White	Ref		Ref		Ref			Ref
	African American	0.93 (0.62-1.38)		.70		1.03 (0.68-1.57)			.89
	Hispanic	0.86 (0.63-1.17)		.32		1.04 (0.76-1.41)			.81
	Other	1.44 (0.93-2.21)		.10		1.55 (1.01-2.39)			.05
Household income (≥US $50,000)			1.77 (1.34-2.34)		<.001		1.63 (1.23-2.16)			.001
Living alone			0.94 (0.69-1.29)		.70		0.95 (0.68-1.31)			.74
Rural residency			0.62 (0.44-0.87)		.008		0.61 (0.43-0.88)			.009
Number of comorbidities			1.33 (1.16-1.52)		<.001		1.22 (1.07-1.40)			.004
Having a regular health care provider (yes)			—e		—		2.62 (1.98-3.47)			<.001
Trusting a doctor			—		—		1.14 (0.96-1.37)			.14

^aModel 1 adjusted for sociodemographic factors (eg, age categories, gender, education, marital status, race/ethnicity) and comorbidities.

^bModel 2 adjusted for sociodemographics, comorbidities, plus relationship factors (eg, having a regular health care provider, trust a doctor).

^cSignificant P values are italicized.

^dRef: reference value.

^eNot available.