Fig. 3.

Schematic representation depicts that GA induces cell death. GA can induce cell death via two different mechanisms. The first extrinsic pathway includes the activation of the death receptor followed by a cascade of proteolysis of caspases leading to cells committed to death. A second intrinsic pathway is a mitochondrial-mediated pathway in response to stress. GA activates pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Bak while it inhibits the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl.