Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the second and third trimester weight gain rate
| All participants (N = 931) |
Within recommendations (N = 506, 54.3%) |
Less than recommendations (N = 241, 25.9%) |
Greater than recommendations (N = 184, 19.8%) |
pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age(years) | 30.1 ± 4.3 | 30.3 ± 4.2 | 31.2 ± 4.4 | 28.3 ± 3.9 | < 0.001b |
| Prepregnancy BMI | 21.1 ± 1.6 | 21.0 ± 1.6 | 21.5 ± 1.6 | 20.9 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
| Maternal height(cm) | 160.4 ± 5.1 | 160.3 ± 5.0 | 159.6 ± 4.8 | 161.8 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
| Education degree(years) | 12.6 ± 3.3 | 12.6 ± 3.2 | 12.9 ± 3.6 | 12.1 ± 3.0 | 0.028 |
| Prepregnancy weight(kg) | 54.4 ± 5.3 | 54.0 ± 5.3 | 54.8 ± 5.4 | 54.7 ± 5.3 | 0.104 |
| Gravidity | 0.489 | ||||
| 1 | 403(43.3) | 208(41.1) | 109(45.2) | 86(46.7) | |
| 2 | 253(27.2) | 148(29.2) | 58(24.1) | 47(25.5) | |
| ≥ 3 | 275(29.5) | 150(16.1) | 74(30.7) | 51(27.7) | |
| Nulliparity | 588(63.2) | 307(60.7) | 152(63.1) | 129(70.1) | 0.076 |
| Monochorionic membrane | 236(25.3) | 129(25.5) | 51(21.2) | 56(30.4) | 0.093 |
| Infant sex | 0.598 | ||||
| Both boys | 363(39.0) | 197(38.9) | 102(42.3) | 64(34.8) | |
| Both girls | 305(32.8) | 169(33.4) | 73(30.3) | 63(34.2) | |
| Boy + girl | 263(28.2) | 140(27.7) | 66(27.4) | 57(31.0) | |
| Gestational age at delivery (week) | 36.2 ± 2.0 | 36.4 ± 1.7 | 35.5 ± 2.6 | 36.4 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
| Average birth weight(g) | 2506.5 ± 451.8 | 2533.2 ± 404.0 | 2385.8 ± 553.6 | 2591.1 ± 396.0 | < 0.001b |
Date are shown as Mean ± SD for continuous variables and N(%) for categorical variables
aP value were calculated with the variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and with the chi-square test for categorical variables
bP value is statistically significant between any two groups