Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of Study Participants; the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, N=377,065 (1995–1996, with Follow-Up to 2011)
| Characteristics | HCC (N=647) | Control (N=376,418) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age, years | |||
| < 65 | 375 (58.0) | 249,704 (66.3) | <0.0001 |
| ≥ 65 | 272 (42.0) | 126,714 (33.7) | |
| Mean (SD) | 62.7 (4.9) | 61.2 (5.4) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 64.0 | 62.0 | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 117 (18.1) | 161,090 (42.8) | <0.0001 |
| Male | 530 (81.9) | 215,328 (57.2%) | |
| Racea | |||
| White | 535 (82.7) | 342,033 (90.9) | <0.0001 |
| Other | 99 (15.3) | 29,264 (7.8) | |
| Missing | 13 (2.0) | 5121 (1.4) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| <25 | 142 (21.9) | 131,906 (35.0) | <0.0001 |
| 25–29.9 | 273 (42.2) | 154,239 (41.0) | |
| ≥30 | 214 (33.1) | 81,106 (21.5) | |
| Mean (SD) | 28.5 (5.1) | 27.1 (5.1) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 27.9 | 26.4 | |
| Missing | 18 (2.8) | 9167 (2.4) | |
| Height (meters) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 1.8 | 1.7 | |
| Missing | 18 (2.8) | 4106 (1.1) | |
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 475 (73.4) | 341,965 (90.8) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 172 (26.6) | 34,453 (9.2) | |
| Self-reported general health condition | |||
| Excellent/very good | 217 (33.5) | 197,770 (52.5) | <0.0001 |
| Good | 286 (44.2) | 126,778 (33.7) | |
| Fair/poor | 132 (20.4) | 46,248 (12.3) | |
| Missing | 12 (1.9) | 5622 (1.5) | |
| Alcohol use | <0.0001 | ||
| Non-drinkers | 71 (11.0) | 29,750 (7.9) | |
| >0–20 grams/day | 445 (68.8) | 292,264 (77.6) | |
| >20 grams/day | 131 (20.2) | 54,404 (14.5) | |
| Mean (SD) | 19.9 (51.7) | 11.6 (30.6) | 0.1561 |
| Median | 1.3 | 1.7 | |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity | |||
| ≥ 3 times/week | 138 (21.3) | 114,836 (30.5) | <0.0001 |
| < 3 times/week | 223 (34.5) | 116,091 (30.8) | |
| Missing | 286 (44.2) | 145,491 (38.7) | |
| Cholesterol, mg/d | |||
| Mean (SD) | 241.0 (146.8) | 199.6 (124.1) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 201.2 | 172.0 | |
| Saturated fat, g/d | |||
| Mean (SD) | 23.0 (14.0) | 19.4 (11.6) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 19.8 | 16.7 | |
| Trans-fatty acids, g/d | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.8 (2.9) | 4.3 (2.7) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 4.3 | 3.7 | |
| Ounce equivalents of lean meat from eggs per day | |||
| Mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.3) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
| Vitamin B6, mg/d | 647 | 376,418 | |
| Mean (SD) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.0 (0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Median | 2.0 | 1.8 | |
| Total Healthy Eating Index score | <0.0001 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 65.7 (9.5) | 67.7 (9.6) | |
| Median | 66.6 | 68.7 |
Notes: aFor descriptive purposes only. Did not meet the Bonferroni threshold for inclusion in model development.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.