Table 1.
Key assumptions and parameters for the cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analyses
| Assumption | Parameter | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CEA | Stunting and Premature Mortality Averted | ||
| Population of implementation area | 118,261 | (Walker et al., 2013); based on population estimates from (Gelli et al., 2018) | |
| Proportion of population aged 6-24 months | 3.27% | (Walker et al., 2013); based on population estimates from (Gelli et al., 2018) | |
| DALYs Averted | |||
| Standard life expectancy at age 1-4 | Men: 77.8 years | (Coale et al., 1983) | |
| Women: 80.3 years | |||
| Malawi life expectancy at age 1-4 | Men: 63.3 years | WHO Global Health Data Observatory (https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.60980) | |
| Women: 68.5 years | |||
| Stunting disability weight | 0.002 | (WHO, 2004) | |
| BCA | Discount Rate | 3% | (Wilkinson et al., 2016) |
| 5% | (Hoddinott et al., 2013a, b; Horton & Hoddinott, 2014; Wong et al., 2019) | ||
| 10% | (World Bank) | ||
| Benefits from Avoided Premature Mortality | |||
| US VSL (2016) | $9,400,000 | (Robinson et al., 2019). | |
| US GNP per capita purchasing power parity (PPP) (2016) | $57,900 | (Robinson et al., 2019) | |
| Malawi GNP per capita PPP (2016) | $1,220 | World Bank (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?locations=MW) | |
| Malawi adult life expectancy, undiscounted | 33.8 years | (WHO Global Health Data Observatory (https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.60980) | |
| Malawi YLLs due to death at age 2 | 63.3 years | (WHO Global Health Data Observatory (https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.60980) | |
| Benefits from Increased Lifetime Productivity | |||
| Increased wages due to stunting aversion | 30% | (Aryeetey et al., 2020) | |
| Ages of employment | 16 to 60 years | ||
| Average adult wage in Malawi (2016) | $750 | (World Bank, 2018) | |
| Projected Malawi GNI per capita growth % | 4.46% | SSSP-IIASA (Riahi et al., 2017) | |
| Overall prevalence of stunting | 37% | (National Statistical Office, 2017) | |
| Benefits from Increased Household Agricultural Production | |||
| Years of increased household production | 20 years | ||
| Projected Malawi GNI per capita growth % | 4.46% | SSSP-IIASA (Riahi et al., 2017) | |
| OFSP price/kg (USD) | $0.21 | CIP http://www.sweetpotatoknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/PRES14-VANVUGT-VALUE-CHAIN-MALAWI-20160316.pdf | |
| Brown bean market price/kg (USD) | $0.70 | http://afjare.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2.-Dzanja-et-al.pdf | |
| Pigeon pea market price/kg (USD) | $0.42 | ||
| Groundnut market price/kg (USD) | $0.81 | ||
| Soya bean market price/kg (USD) | $0.42 | ||
| Chicken market price/each (USD) | $7.50 | http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd16/12/gaus16097.htm | |
| Egg market price/each (USD) | $0.15 | https://knoema.com/FAOPS2017DEC/fao-producer-price-statistics?country=1000980-malawi | |
| % of additional production sold at market | 50% | ||