Table 2.
HDL cholesterol generalized additive model results.
| Pollutant | 1-day average | 1-week average | 1-month average | 3-month average | 6-month average | 1-year average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO2 (ppb) IQRs | 9.4 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 2.2 |
| Estimate | –5.10 | –4.60 | –0.10 | –15.40 | –7.90 | –3.10 |
| 95% CI | (–8.4, –1.8) | (–8.7, –0.6) | (–3.2, 3) | (–27.4, –3.4) | (–15.4, –0.4) | (–6.3, 0.1) |
| P value | 0.003 | 0.026 | 0.95 | 0.013 | 0.041 | 0.057 |
| NOx (ppb) IQRs | 13.1 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 8.7 | 3.5 |
| Estimate | –1.20 | –4.20 | –6.80 | –6.70 | –3.60 | –2.90 |
| 95% CI | (–4.1, 1.7) | (–8, –0.5) | (–13.9, 0.2) | (–13, –0.3) | (–6.6, –0.5) | (–5.4, –0.5) |
| P value | 0.404 | 0.027 | 0.06 | 0.042 | 0.022 | 0.018 |
| PAH456 (ng/m3) IQRs | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 5.2 | 0.8 |
| Estimate | 0.20 | 0.10 | –0.40 | –4.90 | –2.70 | –1.40 |
| 95% CI | (–2.6, 3.1) | (–2.9, 3.1) | (–3.9, 3) | (–17.5, 7.7) | (–6.5, 1.1) | (–4.3, 1.4) |
| P value | 0.869 | 0.957 | 0.81 | 0.448 | 0.163 | 0.327 |
| EC (μg/m3) IQRs | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Estimate | –1.40 | –1.30 | 0.80 | –6.00 | –3.20 | –1.70 |
| 95% CI | (–4.4, 1.5) | (–4, 1.5) | (–1.8, 3.5) | (–12, 0.1) | (–6.2, –0.3) | (–4.2, 0.7) |
| P value | 0.33 | 0.366 | 0.536 | 0.054 | 0.034 | 0.172 |
| CO (ppm) IQRs | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Estimate | –2 | –2.6 | –0.4 | –22.8 | –5.4 | –2.2 |
| 95% CI | (–5.6, 1.6) | (–7.7, 2.5) | (–4, 3.1) | (–44.1, –1.5) | (–14.9, 4.2) | (–5.2, 0.7) |
| P value | 0.272 | 0.317 | 0.813 | 0.038 | 0.275 | 0.144 |
| PM2.5 (μg/m3) IQRs | 11.9 | 14.7 | 16.5 | 13.7 | 9.8 | 3.6 |
| Estimate | 0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | –2.2 | –1.4 | –0.8 |
| 95% CI | (–0.9, 0.9) | (–1.1, 1.5) | (–1.3, 2.9) | (–7.5, 3.1) | (–3.5, 0.8) | (–3.3, 1.6) |
| P value | 0.952 | 0.748 | 0.466 | 0.416 | 0.206 | 0.514 |
All results are absolute changes in HDL (mg/dL) per interquartile range (IQR) of the pollutant. These estimates come from a GAM model that adjusted for whether or not the child lives with a smoker, whether or not the child is Latinx, physical activity, household income, and a smoothed term for the day of study.