Table 3.
HbA1c generalized additive model results.
| Pollutant | 1-day average | 1-week average | 1-month average | 3-month average | 6-month average | 1-year average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO2 (ppb) IQRs | 9.4 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 2.2 |
| Estimate | –0.06 | –0.08 | 0.03 | –0.11 | –0.07 | –0.05 |
| 95% CI | (–0.14, 0.02) | (–0.17, 0.02) | (–0.16, 0.21) | (–0.37, 0.14) | (–0.27, 0.12) | (–0.14, 0.04) |
| P value | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.78 | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.31 |
| NOx (ppb) IQRs | 13.1 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 8.7 | 3.5 |
| Estimate | –0.03 | –0.07 | –0.01 | –0.11 | –0.06 | –0.03 |
| 95% CI | (–0.1, 0.05) | (–0.16, 0.02) | (–0.17, 0.15) | (–0.27, 0.06) | (–0.19, 0.06) | (–0.09, 0.02) |
| P value | 0.46 | 0.15 | 0.89 | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.25 |
| PAH456 (ng/m3) IQRs | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 5.2 | 0.8 |
| Estimate | 0.05 | –0.07 | 0.23 | –0.18 | 0.08 | –0.01 |
| 95% CI | (–0.1, 0.2) | (–0.26, 0.12) | (–0.01, 0.46) | (–0.59, 0.24) | (–0.27, 0.42) | (–0.08, 0.07) |
| P value | 0.5 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 0.4 | 0.66 | 0.88 |
| EC (μg/m3) IQRs | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Estimate | –0.06 | –0.07 | 0.04 | –0.12 | –0.06 | –0.06 |
| 95% CI | (–0.14, 0.01) | (–0.14, 0) | (–0.07, 0.16) | (–0.28, 0.04) | (–0.2, 0.07) | (–0.13, 0.01) |
| P value | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.47 | 0.13 | 0.37 | 0.1 |
| CO (ppm) IQRs | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Estimate | –0.02 | –0.1 | 0.03 | –0.21 | –0.01 | –0.03 |
| 95% CI | (–0.11, 0.07) | (–0.23, 0.04) | (–0.24, 0.29) | (–0.61, 0.18) | (–0.32, 0.31) | (–0.13, 0.08) |
| P value | 0.65 | 0.15 | 0.84 | 0.29 | 0.97 | 0.62 |
| PM2.5 (μg/m3) IQRs | 11.9 | 14.7 | 16.5 | 13.7 | 9.8 | 3.6 |
| Estimate | –0.04 | –0.04 | 0.14 | –0.16 | –0.06 | 0.01 |
| 95% CI | (–0.08, 0.01) | (–0.12, 0.04) | (–0.02, 0.29) | (–0.36, 0.03) | (–0.35, 0.22) | (–0.19, 0.2) |
| P value | 0.1 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.67 | 0.93 |
All results are absolute changes in % hemoglobin A1c per interquartile range (IQR) of the pollutant. These estimates come from a GAM model that adjusted for whether or not the child lives with a smoker, whether or not the child is Latinx, physical activity, household income, and a smoothed term for day of study.