Table 1:
Comparison of baseline and follow-up features in cases with malignant edema and controls
| Variable | Malignant Edema (n=20) | No Malignant Edema (n=578) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 65.3 (15) | 68.9 (13) | 0.32 |
| Sex, female | 13 (65%) | 264 (46%) | 0.23 |
| Race, non-white | 5 (25%) | 51 (9%) | 0.04 |
| NIHSS score, baseline, median (IQR) | 18.5 (15.5–21) | 9 (4–15) | < 0.0001 |
| Serum glucose, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 202 (109) | 135 (51) | 0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 168 (37) | 160 (28) | 0.47 |
| Received tPA | 15 (75%) | 454 (79%) | 0.92 |
| Endovascular intervention | 4 (20%) | 98 (17%) | 0.97 |
| Time from stroke onset to baseline CT, hours, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.1–3.8) | 1.7 (1.1–3.0) | 0.97 |
| ASPECTS on baseline CT, median (IQR) | 8 (6–10) | 10 (9–10) | 0.0002 |
| Intracranial reserve, mean (SD) | 10.4% (4) | 14.0% (5) | 0.002 |
| Hemispheric CSF ratio, baseline, median (IQR) | 0.90 (0.85–0.93) | 0.93 (0.87–0.97) | 0.05 |
| Time from stroke onset to FU CT, hours, median (IQR) | 22.4 (16.7–37.1) | 25.3 (19.8–27.9) | 0.78 |
| NIHSS at 24-hours, median (IQR) | 20.5 (19–26) | 5 (2–11) | < 0.0001 |
| Change in NIHSS, mean (SD) | +3 (7) | −3 (7) | 0.0009 |
| Midline shift at 24-hours, mm, median (IQR) | 4.7 (3.3–9.7) | 0 (0–0) | < 0.0001 |
| Infarct hypodensity volume at 24-hours, ml, median (IQR) | 253 (181–322) | 0 (0–22) | < 0.0001 |
| Hemispheric CSF Ratio at 24- hours, median (IQR) | 0.26 (0.11–0.38) | 0.90 (0.77–0.95) | < 0.0001 |
| Reduction in CSF volume %, mean (SD) | 52% (18) | 15% (16) | < 0.0001 |
| EDEMA score, median (IQR) | 7 (4–10) | 1 (1–2) | < 0.0001 |
| Modified EDEMA score, median (IQR) | 9 (7–11) | 1 (1–4) | < 0.0001 |
Abbreviations: ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; EDEMA, Enhanced Detection of EDEma in Malignant Anterior circulation stroke; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale