Table 2.
Examination of Change (Post-Pre) in Outcome Scores for PERMA, Emotional Exhaustion, and Depersonalization for Each Predictor. This Analysis Is Limited to the Number of Persons Providing Complete Data
| Diff* in PERMA | Diff* in emotional exhaustion | Diff* in depersonalization | Diff* in MBI** score | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | p*** | N | Mean | p*** | N | Mean | p*** | N | Mean | p*** | |
| All | 116 | −0.16 | 118 | −0.92 | 117 | 0.22 | 116 | −0.73 | ||||
| Gender | 0.040 | 0.50 | 0.95 | 0.73 | ||||||||
| Male | 65 | 0.83 | 64 | −0.50 | 63 | −0.06 | 63 | −0.68 | ||||
| Female | 51 | −1.41 | 53 | −1.62 | 53 | 0.49 | 52 | −1.08 | ||||
| Race | 0.28 | 0.021 | 0.64 | 0.10 | ||||||||
| Black/Asian/Hispanic/other | 43 | −0.47 | 43 | 0.47 | 41 | 0.22 | 41 | 0.59 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 73 | 0.03 | 74 | −1.86 | 75 | 0.17 | 74 | −1.66 | ||||
| Site | 0.23 | 0.81 | 0.70 | 0.75 | ||||||||
| A | 20 | −1.70 | 21 | −1.38 | 21 | 0.38 | 21 | −1.00 | ||||
| B | 12 | 1.42 | 14 | −1.36 | 14 | 0.43 | 14 | −0.93 | ||||
| C | 18 | 1.72 | 20 | −0.30 | 20 | −0.20 | 20 | −0.50 | ||||
| D | 60 | −0.57 | 61 | −0.66 | 60 | 0.43 | 59 | −0.29 | ||||
| E | 6 | 0.33 | 2 | −7.00 | 2 | −5.00 | 2 | −12.00 | ||||
| Opportunity to reflect (pre) | 0.95 | 0.57 | 0.42 | 0.57 | ||||||||
| Poor/fair | 20 | 0.00 | 20 | −1.70 | 21 | 0.52 | 20 | −1.05 | ||||
| Good | 68 | 0.07 | 68 | −0.66 | 66 | −0.18 | 66 | −0.94 | ||||
| Excellent | 28 | −0.82 | 30 | −0.97 | 30 | 0.90 | 30 | −0.07 | ||||
| Opportunity to reflect (post) | 0.009 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.090 | ||||||||
| Poor/fair | 18 | −1.72 | 18 | 0.78 | 19 | 0.16 | 18 | 1.06 | ||||
| Good | 68 | −0.66 | 69 | −0.49 | 67 | 0.64 | 67 | 0.06 | ||||
| Excellent | 30 | 1.93 | 31 | −2.84 | 31 | −0.65 | 31 | −3.48 | ||||
| Goal setting (pre) | 0.77 | 0.056 | 0.099 | 0.046 | ||||||||
| Never/rarely | 47 | 0.60 | 47 | −3.45 | 47 | −1.34 | 46 | −4.80 | ||||
| Sometimes/frequently | 69 | −0.67 | 71 | 0.76 | 70 | 1.27 | 70 | 1.94 | ||||
| Goal setting (post) | 0.29 | 0.96 | 0.45 | 0.69 | ||||||||
| Never/rarely | 20 | −1.05 | 22 | −1.59 | 22 | 0.14 | 22 | −1.45 | ||||
| Sometimes/frequently | 96 | 0.03 | 96 | −0.76 | 95 | 0.24 | 94 | −0.56 | ||||
| Hardiness-resilience score | 0.29 | 0.034 | 0.38 | 0.074 | ||||||||
| Low (<Q4) | 89 | −0.27 | 87 | −0.55 | 86 | 0.22 | 86 | −0.42 | ||||
| High (Q4) | 24 | 0.17 | 25 | −2.28 | 26 | −0.23 | 25 | −2.44 | ||||
| Gratitude score | 0.31 | 0.62 | 0.081 | 0.29 | ||||||||
| Low (<Q4) | 88 | −0.01 | 91 | −1.19 | 90 | 0.29 | 89 | −0.96 | ||||
| High (Q4) | 28 | −0.61 | 27 | 0.00 | 27 | 0.00 | 27 | 0.00 | ||||
| Intolerance of uncertainty score | 0.79 | 0.002 | 0.096 | 0.005 | ||||||||
| Low (<Q4) | 93 | −0.18 | 93 | −1.57 | 93 | 0.18 | 92 | −1.36 | ||||
| High (Q4) | 23 | −0.04 | 23 | 1.13 | 22 | 0.05 | 22 | 0.91 | ||||
| Coping score | 0.90 | 0.26 | 0.86 | 0.53 | ||||||||
| Low (<Q4) | 81 | 0.31 | 84 | −1.25 | 82 | −0.26 | 82 | −1.60 | ||||
| High (Q4) | 35 | −1.23 | 34 | −0.09 | 35 | 1.34 | 34 | 1.35 | ||||
*Difference is calculated post-pre
**MBI score is sum of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization
***p-value adjusted for baseline score