Table 3.

Modeling of Change (Post-Pre) in Outcome Scores for PERMA, Emotional Exhaustion (EE), and Depersonalization (DP) for Pre-specified Predictors

	Outcome
	Diff in PERMA		Diff in EE		Diff in DP		Diff in MBI
Predictors	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value	Estimate	p-value
Baseline score	−0.407	<0.0001	−0.393	<0.0001	−0.476	<0.0001	−0.430	<0.0001
Gender
Male (REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Female	−2.475	0.012	−0.706	0.56	0.201	0.81	−0.395	0.83
Race
Black/Asian/Hispanic/other	−0.870	0.40	2.608	0.046	0.056	0.95	2.643	0.17
Non-Hispanic white (REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Site
A	−1.051	0.44	−1.194	0.49	−0.924	0.43	−2.149	0.40
B	2.139	0.20	0.289	0.88	0.292	0.83	0.586	0.84
C	1.777	0.20	−0.133	0.94	−0.482	0.68	−0.597	0.82
D (REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
E	−0.040	0.99	−5.933	0.20	−5.753	0.068	−11.58	0.093
Opportunity to reflect (post)
Poor/fair (REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Good	0.898	0.52	−1.058	0.55	−0.346	0.77	−1.378	0.60
Excellent	4.025	0.011	−3.821	0.052	−1.858	0.16	−5.715	0.049
Goal setting (pre)
Never/rarely	−0.067	0.95	−2.228	0.094	−1.598	0.076	−3.750	0.058
Sometimes/frequently (REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hardiness-resilience score
Low (<Q4, REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
High (Q4)	3.474	0.008	−4.469	0.003	−1.021	0.30	−5.579	0.012
Gratitude score
Low (<Q4, REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
High (Q4)	1.573	0.21	0.495	0.74	−1.865	0.065	−1.438	0.52
Intolerance of uncertainty score
Low (<Q4, REF)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
High (Q4)	−1.039	0.41	6.022	0.0002	2.555	0.025	8.626	0.0005