Table 3.
Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gases at the 2-month assessment: factors associated with reduced health-related quality of life and dyspnea 12 months after intensive care unit admission on univariate regression analysis
| All patients n = 94 |
12-month EQ-5D-3L Visual Analog Scale n = 82 |
12-month EQ-5D-3L Time trade-off n = 86 |
12-month mMRC dyspnea scale n = 86 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linear regression coefficient ± SD | p | Linear regression coefficient ± SD | p | Linear regression coefficient ± SD | p | ||
| At two-month assessment | |||||||
| mMRC dyspnea scale, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | − 2.39 ± 1.62 | 0.146 | − 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.059 | 0.25 ± 0.09 | 0.012 |
| EQ-5D-3L, Visual analog scale, median (IQR) | 70 (60–85) | 0.42 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.001 | 0.05 ± 0.52 | 0.917 |
| EQ-5D-3L, time trade-off, median (IQR) | 0.80 (0.36–0.91) | 15.29 ± 5.60 | 0.008 | 0.33 ± 0.10 | 0.002 | − 1.09 ± 0.33 | 0.002 |
| Six-minute walk test, m, median (IQR) | 392 (322–484) | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.952 | 0.0004 ± 0.0004 | 0.326 | − 0.001 ± 0.001 | 0.459 |
| Normalized six-minute walk test, %, median (IQR) | 58 (47–69) % | 0.09 ± 0.12 | 0.437 | 0.004 ± 0.002 | 0.092 | − 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.171 |
| Total lung capacitya, % of predicted, median (IQR) | 78 (63–89) | − 0.57 ± 0.12 | 0.632 | − 0.001 ± 0.007 | 0.872 | − 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.175 |
| Total lung capacitya < 80% of predicted, n (%) | 37 (47) | − 2.04 ± 3.86 | 0.599 | − 0.02 ± 0.07 | 0.799 | − 0.32 ± 0.23 | 0.04 |
| Forced vital capacity, % of predicted, median (IQR) | 76 (67–93) | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.832 | 0.002 ± 0.002 | 0.901 | − 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.114 |
| Forced vital capacity, < 80% of predicted, n (%) | 39 (45) | 4.14 ± 3.59 | 0.253 | 0.02 ± 0.07 | 0.736 | − 0.47 ± 0.22 | 0.037 |
| Forced expiratory volume in one second, % of predicted, median (IQR) | 77 (67–90) | 0.05 ± 0.09 | 0.572 | 0.001 ± 0.002 | 0.704 | − 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.704 |
| FEV1/FVC, %, median (IQR) | 83 (77–87) | 0.10 ± 0.19 | 0.598 | 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.681 | − 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.681 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70%, n (%) | 9 (10) | − 6.31 ± 6.12 | 0.305 | − 0.05 ± 0.12 | 0.678 | − 0.05 ± 0.12 | 0.678 |
| Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxideb, % of predicted, median (IQR) | 56 (45–67) | 0.08 ± 0.12 | 0.528 | 0.002 ± 0.002 | 0.433 | − 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.433 |
| Carbon monoxide transfer coefficientb, % of predicted, median (IQR) | 87 (76–96) | 0.11 ± 0.11 | 0.279 | 0.003 ± 0.002 | 0.158 | − 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.158 |
| Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxideb < 80% of predicted, n (%) | 54 (69) | − 0.23 ± 4.28 | 0.958 | − 0.01 ± 0.08 | 0.895 | 0.03 ± 0.26 | 0.895 |
| Sniff nasal inspiratory pressurec, % of predicted, median (IQR) | 60 (43–82) | − 0.02 ± 0.07 | 0.818 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.909 | − 0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.909 |
| Maximal inspiratory pressured, % of predicted, median (IQR) | 78 (59–95) | − 0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.491 | 0.001 ± 0.001 | 0.523 | − 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.523 |
| Maximal inspiratory pressure < 80% of predicted, n (%) | 44 (56) | − 0.24 ± 3.71 | 0.949 | 0.05 ± 0.07 | 0.487 | − 0.05 ± 0.07 | 0.487 |
| PaO2e, mmHg, median (IQR) | 91 (82–97) | 0.27 ± 0.18 | 0.140 | 0.00 6 ± 0.003 | 0.081 | − 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.002 |
| PaCO2e, mmHg, median (IQR) | 38 (35–40) | − 0.99 ± 0.53 | 0.065 | − 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.248 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.093 |
| pHe, median (IQR) | 7.44 (7.42–7.46) | 70.33 ± 69.77 | 0.318 | − 0.15 ± 1.17 | 0.897 | − 4.35 ± 4.17 | 0.300 |
| SaO2e, %, median (IQR) | 97 (96–98) | 2.79 ± 1.36 | 0.044 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.105 | − 0.28 ± 0.08 | 0.001 |
Continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range [IQR]) and categorical variables are expressed as absolute value (%)
Health-related quality of life is assessed with the EQ-5D-3L (EuroQol Research Foundation https://euroqol.org). Quality of life time trade-off utility values were calculated using the French value set. Perceived health was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Dyspnea was assessed by the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale
mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity
aData available for 78 cases, bData available for 82 cases, cData available for 76 cases, dData available for 81 cases, eData available for 75 cases
The linear regression coefficients represent the average increase or decrease in the variable to be explained when we compare two subjects with explanatory quantitative variables that differ by one unit or when we compare two subjects with explanatory qualitative variables taking the reference value for one of the subjects and another value for the second subject