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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 7.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Nov 24;55(23):16001–16010. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04140

Table 1.

Characteristics of study population (n = 164 women from 173 unique pregnancies) included in the current study

Characteristics a n %
Race/ethnicity
 White (non-Hispanic) 96 55%
 Hispanic 38 22%
 Other b 39 23%
Pre-pregnancy BMI
 Normal/ underweight c 86 50%
 Overweight 47 27%
 Obese 40 23%
Education
 Less than bachelor’s degree 82 47%
 Bachelor’s degree 69 36%
 Graduate or professional degree 29 17%
Age at delivery
 < 35 years 91 53%
 ≥ 35 years 82 47%
Homeownership
 Yes 62 36%
 No 107 62%
 Missing 4 2%
Parity
 1 69 40%
 >1 100 58%
 Missing 4 2%
a

Seven women participated in the study for two different pregnancies and one woman participated for three different pregnancies over our study period.

b

Includes Black (5%), Asian (14%), and multiracial (3%).

c

Only three women were underweight (1.7%).