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. 2022 Feb 19;13:73. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02744-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Effects of MAPK pathway inhibitors on osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs treated with 100 μM melatonin at 7 and 14 days after incubation with osteogenic differentiation medium. a, b SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK MAPK inhibitor) significantly reduced the mineral matrix depositions of 100 μM melatonin-treated DPSCs. c The gene expression of ALP, BMP-2, OCN, and RUNX2 in 100 μM melatonin-treated DPSCs was suppressed in the experimental groups with SB203580 and PD98059 inhibitors. Scale bar = 100 μm. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)