Table 1.

Treatment options for CHI [15, 17, 18]

Type	Drug name	Mode of action
Diazoxide		Activates KATP channels of pancreatic β cells and maintains them in an open state, inhibiting insulin secretion
Somatostatin analogue	Octreotide LAR	Decreases secretion of insulin through hyperpolarization of β cells and inhibition of calcium channels
	Lanreotide
Sirolimus (formerly rapamycin)		Inhibits the mTOR signaling pathway, potentially limiting the production of insulin from β cells
Glucagon		Promotes hepatic glucose production and increases blood glucose levels

CHI, congenital hyperinsulinism; K_ATP, adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium; LAR, long-acting release; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin