FIGURE 6.

Hydroxychloroquine treatment improves the energy expenditure of Acss3^–/– mice. (A, B) Weight gain (A) and body fat mass (B) of male WT and Acss3^–/– mice with/without 0.15 mmol/L hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the drinking water (named as WT, KO, WT+HCQ and KO+HCQ) after 6 weeks. N = 4 pairs of mice with normal drinking and 6 pairs of mice with HCQ water. (C–E) Fasting glucose level (14 h, C), blood glucose concentrations during GTT (D) and AUC (E) of WT and Acss3^–/– mice with/without 0.15 mmol/L HCQ treatment. (F–H) Fasting glucose level (6 h, F), blood glucose concentrations during ITT (G) and AAC (H) of WT and Acss3^–/– mice with/without 0.15 mmol/L HCQ treatment. (I) Food intake of WT and Acss3^–/– mice with/without 0.15 mmol/L HCQ treatment. Data were presented as daily food consumption per mouse from 4 days of each mice. (J, K) O₂ consumption and average day and night O₂ consumption (J), and average day and night CO₂ production (VCO₂, K) measured by an indirect calorimetry of WT and Acss3^–/– mice with/without 0.15 mmol/L HCQ treatment. (L) Representative images of BAT and WAT depots from male mice showing reduction of fat depots of Acss3^–/– mice after HCQ treatment. (L) Weights of various BAT and WAT (iWAT, eWAT and asWAT) depots from male WT and Acss3^–/– mice with/without 0.15 mmol/L HCQ treatment. Data represent mean ± SEM (t‐test: *p < .05, **p < .01)