Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with trephine syndrome.
| Trephine syndrome present |
Trephine syndrome absent |
P-value | |
| Sex (male/female) | 9/3 | 35/24 | 0.181 |
| Age (mean) | 43.8±23.0 | 56.9±16.0 | 0.019 |
| Causative disease (trauma/illness) | 7/5 | 23/36 | 0.337 |
| Median GCS score during transfer | 5.5 (3,10) | 10 (5,12) | 0.127 |
| Number of comorbidities (median) | 1 (0,2) | 1 (1,2) | 0.427 |
| Unilateral/bilateral (site of injury) (unilateral/bilateral) |
11 (right, 7; left, 4)/1 |
57 unilateral (right, 36; left, 21)/2 |
0.431 |
| Pre-cranioplasty complications (yes/no) | 6/6 | 20/39 | 0.335 |
| Materials (autologous/artificial) | 7/5 | 21/38 | 0.197 |
| Central nervous system drugs before surgery (yes/no) | 7/5 | 24/35 | 0.343 |
| Exacerbation (worsened consciousness and sudden anisocoria) was observed within 48 h after onset (yes/no) |
3/9 | 5/54 | 0.039 |
| Duration from craniectomy decompression to cranioplasty (days) | 57.1±38.9 | 83.6±69.3 | 0.008 |
GCS, Glasgow coma scale.