Table 1.
General Characteristics of Samples in Two Surveys*.
| Men | Women | Overall | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-16 (n = 77480) | 2018-19 (n = 74184) | 2015-16 (n = 89381) | 2018-19 (n = 94167) | 2015-16 (n = 166861) | 2018-19 (n = 168351) | |
| Age group (years), n (%) | ||||||
| 18-29 | 6356 (8.2) | 3707 (5.0) | 8045 (9.0) | 5025 (5.3) | 14401 (8.6) | 8732 (5.2) |
| 30-39 | 8834 (11.4) | 6743 (9.1) | 11114 (12.4) | 9838 (10.4) | 19948 (12.0) | 16581 (9.8) |
| 40-49 | 16420 (21.2) | 12666 (17.1) | 20403 (22.8) | 17767 (18.9) | 36823 (22.1) | 30433 (18.1) |
| 50-59 | 18762 (24.2) | 18850 (25.4) | 22182 (24.8) | 25618 (27.2) | 40944 (24.5) | 44468 (26.4) |
| 60-69 | 18056 (23.3) | 21104 (28.4) | 19166 (21.4) | 24662 (26.2) | 37222 (22.3) | 45766 (27.2) |
| ≥70 | 9052 (11.7) | 11114 (15.0) | 8471 (9.5) | 11257 (12.0) | 17523 (10.5) | 22371 (13.3) |
| Urban, n (%) | 30677 (39.6) | 28859 (38.9) | 37731 (42.2) | 39727 (42.2) | 68408 (41.0) | 68586 (40.7) |
| Location, n (%) | ||||||
| East | 29115 (37.6) | 27534 (37.1) | 33888 (37.9) | 35811 (38.0) | 63003 (37.8) | 63345 (37.6) |
| Middle | 22718 (29.3) | 20984 (28.3) | 25969 (29.1) | 27193 (28.9) | 48687 (29.2) | 48177 (28.6) |
| West | 25647 (33.1) | 25666 (34.6) | 29524 (33.0) | 31163 (33.1) | 55171 (33.1) | 56829 (33.8) |
| Education, n (%) | ||||||
| Primary school or less | 32173 (41.5) | 30915 (41.7) | 49609 (55.5) | 52840 (56.1) | 81782 (49.0) | 83755 (49.8) |
| Secondary school | 27514 (35.5) | 26516 (35.7) | 23506 (26.3) | 24528 (26.0) | 51020 (30.6) | 51044 (30.3) |
| High school | 11794 (15.2) | 11409 (15.4) | 9821 (11.0) | 10511 (11.2) | 21615 (13.0) | 21920 (13.0) |
| College or higher | 5999 (7.7) | 5344 (7.2) | 6445 (7.2) | 6288 (6.7) | 12444 (7.5) | 11632 (6.9) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Han | 68607 (92.4) | 65275 (88.0) | 78915 (88.3) | 82805 (87.9) | 147522 (88.4) | 148080 (88.0) |
| Hui | 987 (0.5) | 1075 (1.4) | 1228 (1.4) | 1366 (1.5) | 2215 (1.3) | 2441 (1.4) |
| Manchu | 979 (1.2) | 974 (1.3) | 1141 (1.3) | 1304 (1.4) | 2120 (1.3) | 2278 (1.4) |
| Tibetan | 1012 (1.3) | 1397 (1.9) | 1342 (1.5) | 1627 (1.7) | 2354 (1.4) | 3024 (1.8) |
| Uighur | 1119 (1.4) | 903 (1.2) | 1091 (1.2) | 1174 (1.2) | 2210 (1.3) | 2077 (1.2) |
| Zhuang | 748 (1.0) | 917 (1.2) | 955 (1.1) | 1311 (1.4) | 1703 (1.0) | 2228 (1.3) |
| Others | 4028 (5.2) | 3643 (4.9) | 4709 (5.3) | 4580 (4.9) | 8737 (5.2) | 8223 (4.9) |
| Income per capita (CNY), n (%) | ||||||
| Q1 (<¥6000) | 17204 (22.2) | 14681 (19.8) | 18418 (20.6) | 17164 (18.2) | 35622 (21.3) | 31845 (18.9) |
| Q2 (¥6000-11999) | 15549 (20.1) | 13329 (18.0) | 17750 (19.9) | 16104 (17.1) | 33299 (20.0) | 29433 (17.5) |
| Q3 (¥12000-23999) | 17491 (22.6) | 15050 (20.3) | 20558 (23.0) | 19323 (20.5) | 38049 (22.8) | 34373 (20.4) |
| Q4 (≥¥24000) | 14521 (18.7) | 15673 (21.1) | 17253 (19.3) | 20471 (21.7) | 31774 (19.0) | 36144 (21.5) |
| Refused/Don’t know | 12715 (16.4) | 15451 (20.8) | 15402 (17.2) | 21105 (22.4) | 28117 (16.9) | 36556 (21.7) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 40884 (52.8) | 37841 (51.0) | 2642 (3.0) | 2627 (2.8) | 43526 (26.1) | 40468 (24.0) |
| Heavy drinking, n (%) | 15745 (20.3) | 13172 (17.8) | 4231 (4.7) | 1327 (1.4) | 19976 (12.0) | 14499 (8.6) |
| Beer drinking, n (%) | ||||||
| Never | 53902 (69.6) | 57113 (77.0) | 82836 (92.7) | 88517 (94.0) | 136738 (81.9) | 145630 (86.5) |
| At least once a year | 13779 (17.8) | 9683 (13.1) | 5386 (6.0) | 4614 (4.9) | 19165 (11.5) | 14297 (8.5) |
| At least once a week | 9799 (12.6) | 7388 (10.0) | 1159 (1.3) | 1036 (1.1) | 10958 (6.6) | 8424 (5.0) |
| Fruit/vegetable intake <400g/d, n (%) | 42127 (54.4) | 35319 (47.6) | 48289 (54.0) | 43688 (46.4) | 90416 (54.2) | 79007 (46.9) |
| Red meat intake ≥ 100g/d, n (%) | 23561 (30.4) | 31229 (42.1) | 18777 (21.0) | 29353 (31.2) | 42338 (25.4) | 60582 (36.0) |
| Physical inactivity (<150min/w), n (%) | 15670 (20.2) | 16276 (21.9) | 14654 (16.4) | 16683 (17.7) | 30324 (18.2) | 32959 (19.6) |
| BMI group (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 2720 (3.5) | 2164 (2.9) | 3470 (3.9) | 2819 (3.0) | 6190 (3.7) | 4983 (3.0) |
| 18.5-24.9 | 45399 (58.6) | 41001 (55.3) | 51300 (57.4) | 51418 (54.6) | 96699 (58.0) | 92419 (54.9) |
| 25.0-29.9 | 25087 (32.4) | 26228 (35.4) | 28466 (31.8) | 32685 (34.7) | 53553 (32.1) | 58913 (35.0) |
| ≥30.0 | 4274 (5.5) | 4791 (6.5) | 6145 (6.9) | 7245 (7.7) | 10419 (6.2) | 12036 (7.1) |
| Central obesity, n (%) | 23410 (30.2) | 27369 (36.9) | 30794 (34.5) | 39639 (42.1) | 54204 (32.5) | 67008 (39.8) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 32309 (41.7) | 32429 (43.7) | 33928 (38.0) | 37145 (39.4) | 66237 (39.7) | 69574 (41.3) |
| High TC, n (%) | 5077 (6.6) | 6819 (9.2) | 7537 (8.4) | 11331 (12.0) | 12614 (7.6) | 18150 (10.8) |
| High TG, n (%) | 13743 (17.7) | 15288 (20.6) | 12316 (13.8) | 16696 (17.7) | 26059 (15.6) | 31984 (19.0) |
| Glycemia status, n (%) | ||||||
| Normal | NA | 42288 (58.7) | NA | 56177 (62.1) | NA | 98465 (60.6) |
| Prediabetes | NA | 16772 (23.3) | NA | 19501 (21.6) | NA | 36273 (22.3) |
| Newly diagnosed diabetes | NA | 7799 (10.8) | NA | 7778 (8.6) | NA | 15577 (9.6) |
| Diagnosed diabetes | NA | 5148 (7.1) | NA | 7000 (7.7) | NA | 12148 (7.5) |
| Low eGFR, n (%) | NA | 3073 (4.3) | NA | 3528 (3.9) | NA | 6601 (4.1) |
| Albuminuria, n (%) | NA | 5999 (8.3) | NA | 8582 (9.5) | NA | 14581 (9.0) |
*Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. NA, data not available; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. ¥ 100, £11; €13; $15.5.