Table 2.
Prevalence of hyperuricemia among adult in mainland China by characteristics, 2015-16 and 2018-19*.
| Characteristics | Prevalence, % (95%CI) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women§ | Overall | |||||||
| 2015-16 | 2018-19 | Changes of prevalence, 2018-19 vs 2015-16 | 2015-16 | 2018-19 | Changes of prevalence, 2018-19 vs 2015-16 | 2015-16 | 2018-19 | Changes of prevalence, 2018-19 vs 2015-16 | |
| Overall | 19.3 (17.9,20.7) | 24.4 (23.0,25.8) | 5.1 (4.4,5.8)† | 2.8 (2.5,3.0)‡ | 3.6 (3.2,4.0)† | 0.8 (0.6,1.1)† | 11.1 (10.3,11.8) | 14.0 (13.1,14.8) | 2.9 (2.5,3.3)† |
| Age group (years) | |||||||||
| 18-29 | 23.9 (21.7,26.1) | 32.3 (29.4,35.3) | 8.4 (6.7,10.1)† | 2.7 (2.2,3.1) | 4.2 (3.2,5.2) | 1.5 (0.9,2.1)† | 13.4 (12.2,14.6) | 18.0 (16.1,19.8) | 4.6 (3.7,5.6)† |
| 30-39 | 20.6 (19.1,22.1) | 28.4 (26.0,30.7) | 7.8 (6.6,8.9)† | 1.7 (1.3,2.0) | 2.3 (1.8,2.9) | 0.7 (0.3,1.0) | 11.3 (10.4,12.1) | 15.5 (14.2,16.9) | 4.3 (3.6,4.9)† |
| 40-49 | 18.6 (16.1,21.1) | 21.4 (20.0,22.9) | 2.8 (1.5,4.1)† | 2.1 (1.7,2.5) | 2.2 (1.9,2.5) | 0.1 (-0.2,0.3) | 10.4 (9.0,11.7) | 11.8 (11.1,12.5) | 1.4 (0.7,2.1) |
| 50-59 | 15.4 (14.4,16.5) | 18.1 (17.0,19.3) | 2.7 (1.9,3.5)† | 2.8 (2.5,3.1) | 3.7 (3.2,4.1) | 0.9 (0.6,1.2)† | 9.2 (8.6,9.7) | 10.9 (10.2,11.6) | 1.8 (1.3,2.2)† |
| 60-69 | 15.0 (13.9,16.0) | 17.0 (15.9,18.0) | 2.0 (1.2,2.7)† | 4.0 (3.5,4.4) | 4.4 (4.0,4.8) | 0.4 (0.1,0.7) | 9.5 (8.9,10.2) | 10.7 (10.1,11.4) | 1.2 (0.7,1.7)† |
| ≥70 | 17.0 (15.3,18.7) | 19.5 (18.2,20.7) | 2.4 (1.3,3.5)† | 6.3 (5.5,7.2) | 8.0 (7.0,9.1) | 1.7 (0.9,2.4)† | 11.3 (10.2,12.4) | 13.4 (12.4,14.4) | 2.1 (1.2,2.9)† |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 22.5 (20.4,24.6) | 28.1 (26.1,30.2) | 5.7 (4.6,6.8)† | 2.9 (2.6,3.3) | 4.1 (3.4,4.7) | 1.1 (0.7,1.5)† | 12.8 (11.7,13.9) | 16.1 (14.8,17.3) | 3.3 (2.7,3.9)† |
| Rural | 16.0 (15.1,16.9) | 20.4 (19.1,21.8) | 4.4 (3.7,5.2)† | 2.6 (2.3,2.9) | 3.1 (2.8,3.5) | 0.5 (0.3,0.8)† | 9.3 (8.7,9.8) | 11.7 (10.9,12.5) | 2.4 (2.0,2.9)† |
| P for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.1316 | 0.0099 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Location | |||||||||
| East | 21.5 (18.9,24.1) | 29.6 (27.0,32.2) | 8.1 (7.0,9.3)† | 2.8 (2.5,3.1) | 4.8 (4.0,5.6) | 2.0 (1.6,2.5)† | 12.2 (10.8,13.6) | 17.1 (15.5,18.8) | 5.0 (4.3,5.6)† |
| Middle | 16.3 (14.7,17.9) | 18.4 (17.0,19.8) | 2.1 (1.2,3.0)† | 2.6 (2.2,3.0) | 2.6 (2.2,3.0) | 0.0 (-0.2,0.3) | 9.4 (8.5,10.2) | 10.4 (9.7,11.2) | 1.0 (0.5,1.5)† |
| West | 19.5 (17.9,21.1) | 23.1 (21.2,25.0) | 3.6 (2.4,4.8)† | 3.0 (2.4,3.6) | 2.8 (2.4,3.3) | -0.2 (-0.5,0.2) | 11.4 (10.4,12.3) | 13.0 (12.0,14.1) | 1.7 (1.1,2.3)† |
| P for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.4642 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Education | |||||||||
| Primary school or less | 15.8 (14.7,16.8) | 18.1 (16.9,19.3) | 2.4 (1.6,3.2)† | 3.2 (2.9,3.5) | 3.8 (3.4,4.2) | 0.6 (0.4,0.8)† | 8.4 (7.8,8.9) | 9.6 (9.0,10.2) | 1.3 (0.9,1.6)† |
| Secondary school | 18.1 (16.5,19.8) | 21.4 (19.9,22.8) | 3.2 (2.3,4.2)† | 2.3 (1.9,2.7) | 3.4 (2.9,4.0) | 1.1 (0.8,1.5)† | 11.1 (10.2,12.0) | 13.3 (12.4,14.2) | 2.3 (1.7,2.8)† |
| High school | 22.7 (19.4,26.0) | 29.1 (26.3,32.0) | 6.4 (4.9,7.9)† | 2.5 (2.0,3.0) | 3.7 (2.9,4.5) | 1.2 (0.7,1.7)† | 14.3 (12.2,16.4) | 18.1 (16.3,19.9) | 3.8 (2.8,4.8)† |
| College or higher | 24.8 (22.7,26.9) | 34.9 (32.1,37.7) | 10.1 (8.3,11.9)† | 2.7 (2.0,3.5) | 3.4 (2.3,4.5) | 0.6 (-0.1,1.4) | 14.0 (12.9,15.1) | 19.0 (17.3,20.6) | 4.9 (3.8,6.0)† |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0781 | 0.4927 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Han | 19.1 (17.6,20.6) | 24.7 (23.2,26.2) | 5.6 (4.8,6.3)† | 2.7 (2.5,3.0) | 3.6 (3.2,4.0) | 0.9 (0.6,1.1)† | 11.0 (10.2,11.8) | 14.1 (13.2,15.0) | 3.1 (2.7,3.6)† |
| Hui | 17.3 (12.4,22.2) | 18.1 (8.9,27.4) | 0.8 (-4.1,5.7) | 3.7 (1.2,6.1) | 1.7 (0.6,2.8) | -2.0 (-3.4,-0.5) | 9.8 (7.4,12.2) | 9.2 (4.7,13.7) | -0.6 (-3.0,1.8) |
| Manchu | 17.2 (13.3,21.1) | 19.2 (16.3,22.1) | 2.1 (-0.6,4.8) | 4.1 (2.5,5.8) | 7.5 (4.1,10.9) | 3.4 (1.3,5.5) | 10.3 (8.4,12.3) | 13.5 (11.5,15.5) | 3.1 (1.6,4.7)† |
| Tibetan | 27.6 (11.7,43.5) | 23.4 (19.2,27.7) | -4.1 (-13.1,4.9) | 3.5 (1.6,5.3) | 1.8 (0.2,3.5) | -1.6 (-2.8,-0.4) | 13.9 (5.8,22.0) | 12.4 (9.7,15.1) | -1.5 (-5.7,2.6) |
| Uighur | 5.0 (3.5,6.6) | 4.0 (1.3,6.6) | -1.0 (-2.6,0.6) | 0.3 (0.0,0.8) | 0.2 (0.0,0.4) | -0.2 (-0.5,0.2) | 2.8 (1.8,3.8) | 2.1 (0.6,3.6) | - 0.7 (-1.7,0.3) |
| Zhuang | 28.4 (24.0,32.9) | 32.2 (23.7,40.7) | 3.8 (-1.4,8.9) | 8.0 (6.0,9.9) | 4.5 (2.0,7.0) | -3.5 (-5.3,-1.8)† | 17.1 (14.3,20.0) | 17.1 (12.7,21.5) | 0.0 (-2.6,2.5) |
| Others | 26.3 (23.5,29.1) | 24.7 (20.8,28.5) | -1.6 (-3.8,0.6) | 2.9 (1.8,4.0) | 3.0 (2.1,3.8) | 0.1 (-0.5,0.6) | 14.4 (12.9,16.0) | 13.3 (11.3,15.4) | -1.1 (-2.1,-0.2) |
| P for difference | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Income per capita (CNY) | |||||||||
| Q1 (¥<6000) | 15.1 (13.8,16.3) | 17.4 (15.6,19.1) | 2.3 (1.2,3.4)† | 2.7 (2.3,3.2) | 2.9 (2.4,3.5) | 0.2 (- 0.2,0.6) | 9.0 (8.3,9.6) | 10.2 (9.3,11.2) | 1.3 (0.7,1.9)† |
| Q2 (¥6000-11999) | 16.4 (15.0,17.7) | 20.5 (18.2,22.8) | 4.1 (2.7,5.6)† | 2.7 (2.3,3.2) | 3.2 (2.5,3.8) | 0.5 (0.1,0.9) | 9.5 (8.8,10.3) | 11.9 (10.6,13.2) | 2.4 (1.6,3.2)† |
| Q3 (¥12000-23999) | 19.5 (18.1,20.9) | 25.9 (23.7,28.0) | 6.4 (5.1,7.6)† | 2.6 (2.3,3.0) | 4.0 (3.3,4.7) | 1.4 (0.9,1.8)† | 11.2 (10.4,12.0) | 14.8 (13.5,16.1) | 3.7 (2.9,4.4)† |
| Q4 (≥¥24000) | 24.6 (21.9,27.2) | 29.6 (27.1,32.1) | 5.0 (4.0,6.0)† | 2.8 (2.5,3.1) | 4.1 (3.3,4.8) | 1.3 (0.9,1.7)† | 13.9 (12.4,15.4) | 16.9 (15.3,18.5) | 3.0 (2.5,3.6)† |
| Refused/Don’t know ‡ | 19.6 (17.4,21.8) | 25.1 (22.5,27.6) | 5.4 (3.7,7.2)† | 3.0 (2.5,3.6) | 3.5 (2.9,4.1) | 0.4 (0.0,0.8) | 11.1 (10.0,12.2) | 13.9 (12.5,15.3) | 2.8 (1.9,3.7)† |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.9119 | 0.0060 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
*Data are presented incorporating sample weights and adjusted for clusters and strata of the complex sample design of CCDRFS. †P values for changes from 2015-16 to 2018-19 are <0.05. ‡Participants who answered “I don’t know or I don’t want to tell you” are not included in the trend test. §P values for difference between men and women are <0.05. 95% CI=95% confidence interval. NA, data not available. ¥ 100= £11/€13/$15.5.